Discriminant milk components of Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) and hybrids

Abstract

-In Kazakhstan, the cohabitation of Bactrian camels, dromedaries and their hybrids is a common feature even within farms. The physico-chemical composition of 147 milk samples from 57 Bactrians, 70 dromedaries and 20 hybrids was determined. The samples came from 4 different regions and were collected at 4 different seasons within a year. Compared with dromedary, Bactrian camel milk had significantly higher fat (6.67 vs. 5.94%), vitamin C (177 vs. 152 mg·L −1 ), calcium (1.30 vs. 1.16 g·L −1 ) and phosphorus (1.07 vs. 0.91 g·L −1 ). The iodine index value was significantly higher in dromedary (16.69) than in Bactrian milk (14.99). To distinguish Bactrian milk from dromedary milk, a discriminant analysis was carried out after discarding seasonal and regional variability. The discriminant parameters were phosphorus (linear discriminant coefficient = -1.00), pH (-0.408), vitamin C (-0.377) and fat content (-0.226), in higher concentrations in Bactrian than in dromedary milk. The iodine index (0.287) was higher in dromedary milk. After quadratic discriminant analysis, milk composition can predict species, with 75.4% well-classed. The milk composition of the hybrids was intermediary but with a low discriminant power. Bactriane (14,99). Afin de distinguer les deux types de lait, une analyse discriminante a été mise en oeuvre après avoir éliminé les effets liés à la variabilité saisonnière et régionale. Les paramètres discriminants sont le phosphore (coefficient linéaire discriminant = -1,00), le pH (-0,408), la vitamine C (-0,377) et la matière grasse (-0,226), en concentrations plus élevées dans le lait de Bactriane que dans celui de dromadaire. L'indice d'iode (0,287) était plus élevé dans le lait de dromadaire. Après une analyse discriminante quadratique, on peut prédire d'après la composition du lait, l'origine spécifique avec un pourcentage de bien classés de 75,4 %. La composition chimique du lait des hybrides s'est avérée intermédiaire mais avec un faible pouvoir discriminant.lait de dromadaire / hybride / Bactriane / analyse discriminante

Nutritional value and sanitary evaluation of raw Camels milk

“…Our results showed that the grand mean value of protein was found to be 4.02±0.1% and ranging from 3±0.3 to 4.5±0.2% (table 1). Protein content recorded in this study was agreed with the value reported by Faye et al (2008) and Konuspayeva et al (2010) Guliye et al (2000). The chloride content of camel's milk as shown in Table 1 varied from 0.14±0.008 and 0.16±0.003% with grand mean of 0.15±0.003%.…”

“…Mean values for total solid contents of camel's milk varied from 9.7±0.3 to 12.5±0.7% with grand mean of 10.8±0.3% (Table 1). These results were comparable to Faye et al (2008) and Farah (1993) while, they were lower than those reported by Moustafa et al (2000); El Shaer and El Ganzoury (2008); and higher than what reported by Omer and El-Tinay (2009); Shuiep et al (2008).…”

Comparison of dairy performances between dromedaries, bactrian and crossbred camels in the conditions of South Kazakhstan

“…This zone is characterized by few rainfall (<150 mm per year) and huge variations between summer (average of 28°C with some peaks over 40°C) and winter temperature (average of -17°C with some peaks under -30°C). According to Faye et al (2008), the following definition was used to identify the different genetic variants of camels: Bactrian and Dromedary are pure animals of the species Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius respectively. Iner is a F1 hybrid produced by a female dromedary and a Bactrian male, Nar is a F1 hybrid of Bactrian female and a dromedary male and finally F2 hybrids (Kospak).…”

“…Generally, Bactrian camels are known to be less productive. A comparison of milk composition between both species in different Kazakh herds (Faye et al, 2008) showed increased fat and protein content in milk of Bactrian camels in comparison to dromedaries and lower milk density in Bactrian compared to this density in hybrids. Nevertheless, the main product of Kazakh camel breeder is shubat, a fermented product based on the whole milk what make the breeder sensitive to improve especially the milk yield of their animals.…”

Morphometric studies on adult double humped camel of Ladakh, India

“…However, in some cases, they are cohabiting in the same country, even in the same farm for example in Kazakhstan (Faye et al, 2008). In India, the double humped camel is only distributed in Nobra valley, a cold arid region of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir State.…”