Discrete Single Crystalline Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Formation from a Two-Dimensional Nanowelded Network

Dhal, Satyanarayan; Chatterjee, Shyamal; Facsko, Stefan; Möller, W.; Böttger, Roman; Satpati, Biswarup; Ratha, Satchidananda; Hübner, René

doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.7b00173

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Subthreshold ionization also leads to a stacking fault . In previous ion irradiation studies on hydrogen titanate, the hydroxyl groups were partly removed due to collisional effects. − Similar defects and stacking faults are known to form upon electron irradiation for various systems. − Thus, the electron beam may lead to partial removal of the hydroxyl group from TiO 6 layered HTNW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

2021

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The effect of electron irradiation on the chemical and physical properties of surfaces is an extremely crucial field of study in the context of space exploration, radiation chemistry, and physics. For instance, long-term ion and electron irradiations in planetary or satellite surfaces lead to a significant change in surface and environmental compositions. In this work the modification of hydrogen titanate nanowires using low energy electrons has been studied. The nanowires are initially strongly hydrophilic, which changes to hydrophobic after electron irradiation. The electrical conductivity of the nanowires increases systematically with irradiation dose. We have invoked first-principles-based calculations to explain the observed results. The calculation shows that the removal of OH groups from the layered structure due to irradiation influences the wetting property. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced defects lead to an empty Ti d-shell near the Fermi level, which contributes toward the modification of electrical conductivity. The theoretical predictions are also corroborated with Xray diffraction, X-ray electron spectroscopic, and Raman scattering spectroscopic studies, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

2021

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“…Earlier, our group reported large-scale joining of hydrogen titanate-based nanostructures for the formation of a 3D nano-network by ion irradiation [16]. Ion energy as low as 5 keV and ion fluence as low as 8×10 15 ions cm −2 showed welding between two titanate nanotubes [10]. The pristine cuprous oxide nanowires do not show any joining (figure 5 Apart from the surface morphology, significant changes in the crystal structure are observed in the XRD study after ion irradiation (figure 6).…”

Section: Morphological and Structural Property Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, due to the curved surface and reduced dimensionality, the projectiles and recoils escape the nanowire easily compared to the thin-film or bulk structure, and hence the ion beam effects are different for nanowire and bulk. A handful of studies performed on oxide materials demonstrated surface modifications experimentally at nanoscale [9,10]. However, the formation mechanism and effect of such surface modifications are not yet understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale modification of one-dimensional single-crystalline cuprous oxide

et al. 2019

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In this work we report for the first time a method to modify the surface of Cu 2 O nanowires in a controllable way and physically weld them into a network form, which contributes to higher electrical conductivity as well as a strong water-repelling nature. We have used state-of-the-art theoretical calculations to support our experimental observations. We demonstrate how varying the irradiation fluence can modulate the surface and decorate the nanowire with a uniform distribution of Cu 8 O nanocrystals due to preferential sputtering. While several well studied joining techniques are available for carbon and metal-based nanowires, the same information for ceramic nanowires is scarce at present. The current study sheds light into this and a state-of-theart 3D simulation technique predicts most of the modifications including surface modulation, oxygen depletion and welding. The welded network shows higher electrical conductivity than the unwelded assembly. With Cu 2 O being of p-type the current ion beam joining technique shows a novel path for fabricating p-i-n junctions or solar cell devices through bottom-up approach. Furthermore, we have explored the response of this network to moisture. Our calculation based on density functional theory predicts the hydrophilic nature of individual copper oxide nanowires both before and after irradiation. However, the network shows a strong water-repelling nature, which has been explained quantitatively using the Cassie-Baxter model.

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“…Figure c shows the coexistence of two different types of nanostructures with thicker nanorods of an average diameter of about 120 ± 20 nm which are WO 3 with lengths in the range of 1–5 μm . The thinner nanotube is H 2 Ti 3 O 7 with an average diameter of 15 ± 5 nm and length in the range of 1–5 μm. , A high-magnification FESEM image shows that the HTNTs are uniformly distributed on the surface of WO 3 NRs and wrapped around them (also shown in supplementary Graph S3(c)). Figure d shows the TEM image of a pristine core–shell of 1D H 2 Ti 3 O 7 @ WO 3 , where HTNTs cover the tungsten oxide nanorods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…44 The thinner nanotube is H 2 Ti 3 O 7 with an average diameter of 15 ± 5 nm and length in the range of 1−5 μm. 38,45 A highmagnification FESEM image shows that the HTNTs are uniformly distributed on the surface of WO 3 NRs and wrapped around them (also shown in supplementary Graph S3(c)). Figure 1d shows the TEM image of a pristine core−shell of 1D H 2 Ti 3 O 7 @ WO 3 , where HTNTs cover the tungsten oxide nanorods.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Core–Shell Nanostructures of Tungsten Oxide and Hydrogen Titanate for H₂ Gas Adsorption

Rajbhar

Das

Möller

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Nanostructured tungsten oxide is a promising material for sensing reducing gases such as hydrogen. However, this material exhibits limitations due to a poor response toward sensing at room temperature, incomplete recovery to the initial state, long response time, and a low response factor, which is not desired for explosive gases like hydrogen. In this work, we, for the first time, demonstrate that these limitations can be significantly overcome using the core–shell structure of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods and hydrogen titanate (H2Ti3O7) nanotubes developed and suitably defect-engineered by low-energy ion irradiation. The sensor based on the pristine core–shell heterostructure of tungsten oxide nanorods and hydrogen titanate nanotubes exhibits excellent response and selectivity to different concentrations of H2 ranging from 10 to 500 ppm. However, it requires a quite high temperature of 300 °C with response and recovery times of about 38 and 99.8 s, respectively. After irradiation, the hybrid form shows a similar level of response and selectivity, however, at a much lower temperature of about 120 °C with significantly faster response and recovery times of about 16 and 18 s, respectively. Such an ion beam-modified structure addresses critical issues of developing a gas-sensing device, such as the effects of moisture and power consumption. The experimental observations are very well in agreement with the predictions of the state-of-the-art Monte Carlo-based TRI3DYN ion-solid interaction simulation, and the gas-sensing mechanism was explained using first principles-based calculation. The study reveals that low-energy ion-induced defect engineering yields better charge transport, better binding of the gas with the surface, as well as the superior moisture-repelling ability of the surface, leading to better sensing performance than the pristine core-shell structure. This heterostructure between two nanomaterials carries complementary advantages in various aspects, such as the surface area, conductivity, and sensitivity toward a wide range and mixture of gases. Additionally, the wrapping yields good mechanical strength and flexibility, making it possible to use as a flexible sensing device made through a bottom-up fabrication technique.

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Discrete Single Crystalline Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Formation from a Two-Dimensional Nanowelded Network

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

Nanoscale modification of one-dimensional single-crystalline cuprous oxide

Core–Shell Nanostructures of Tungsten Oxide and Hydrogen Titanate for H₂ Gas Adsorption

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Discrete Single Crystalline Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Formation from a Two-Dimensional Nanowelded Network

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

Nanoscale modification of one-dimensional single-crystalline cuprous oxide

Core–Shell Nanostructures of Tungsten Oxide and Hydrogen Titanate for H2 Gas Adsorption

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Product

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Core–Shell Nanostructures of Tungsten Oxide and Hydrogen Titanate for H₂ Gas Adsorption