“…NOx emissions are less affected by the radiation. Aghanajafi and Abjadpour [21]. Used the discrete ordinates approach to solve the 2-D radiative transfer problem (RTE).…”
This work deals with the investigation of radiation models for combustion spray. The n-pentane fuel C5h12 is used for chemical reactions with the air. The main objective of these simulations is to compare the experimental data and radiation models for spray combustion and to select the best radiation model. The model is used to interpret the structure and properties of the prediction for spray combustion. The simulated cases are carried out using Ansys Fluent. The mixture fracture probability density function is used to evaluate the non-premixed combustion of vaporized fuel droplets. The Radiation models (p1, discrete coordinate, surface to surface, and Roseland) are used to predict local properties in two dimensions. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the p1 radiation model provides good results through temperature, turbulence kinetic energy, and velocity components.
“…NOx emissions are less affected by the radiation. Aghanajafi and Abjadpour [21]. Used the discrete ordinates approach to solve the 2-D radiative transfer problem (RTE).…”
This work deals with the investigation of radiation models for combustion spray. The n-pentane fuel C5h12 is used for chemical reactions with the air. The main objective of these simulations is to compare the experimental data and radiation models for spray combustion and to select the best radiation model. The model is used to interpret the structure and properties of the prediction for spray combustion. The simulated cases are carried out using Ansys Fluent. The mixture fracture probability density function is used to evaluate the non-premixed combustion of vaporized fuel droplets. The Radiation models (p1, discrete coordinate, surface to surface, and Roseland) are used to predict local properties in two dimensions. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the p1 radiation model provides good results through temperature, turbulence kinetic energy, and velocity components.
“…Other researchers 36,37 worked on cooling hot sources in a rough, porous environment. Aghanajafi and Abjadpour 38,39 studied the radiation form of heat transfer in a rectangular environment.…”
In this study, an optimization of the maximum cooling of three radiant heat sources inside a closed square porous environment is performed. Three radiant-heat sources are cooled by airflow in a porous medium with an inclination angle. It is applied in the cooling of electronic equipment inside laptop computers. The cooling phenomenon is a function of five independent variables, such as the length of heat source, radiation parameter, Darcy number, the angle of inclination of a porous medium, and Rayleigh number. Differential equations are solved using the finite-difference approach. And those are solved by the Gauss-Seidel approach. Simulation is a numerical solution of the vorticity–stream equations. Coding is done in MATLAB software. And it is obtained the maximum objective function using the algorithm of particle swarm optimization. Cooling simulations are performed by drawing flow lines, constant temperature lines, dimensionless velocity component profiles, local Nusselt numbers, and mean Nusselt numbers. The main goal is to find the highest cooling rate in different amounts of five independent variables. The flow is in the laminar flow regime, and inclination angles are between 0 to 360°. The present study is the first study on the numerical solution of the cooling of three radiant-heat sources with an inclination angle by the porous media-filled square environment. And it is developed from the cooling of hot radiation walls problems in an inclined enclosure with constant temperature local radiant heat sources. This investigation showed the flow lines and their direction are influenced by the inclination angle of the porous medium strongly, and the maximum heat transfer is achieved at an angle of inclination of zero degrees. This investigation showed at the Darcy number, 0.001, and the radiation parameter, 1. The maximum and minimum Nusselt number is obtained for the inclination angle 60 and 180°, respectively.
“…There are some modifications to this issue, but the outcome is not very satisfactory. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Young Byun et al [17] showed that the multiblock, blocked-off and embedded boundary method can be used to calculate the radiative heat flux on regular walls accurately, while on the irregular wall, the blocked-off method has poor accuracy. Zabihi et al [26] compared the blocked-off method with embedded boundary method for radiative heat flux along the inclined boundary and curved boundary.…”
Radiative heat flux at wall boundaries is important for its thermal design. Numerical methods based on structured grids are becoming trendy due to their simplicity and efficiency. Existing radiative transfer equation solvers produce oscillating radiative heat flux at the irregular boundary if they are based on structured grids. Reverse Monte Carlo method and analytical discrete ordinates method are adopted to calculate the radiative heat flux at complex boundaries. The results show that the reverse Monte Carlo method can generate a smooth radiative heat flux profile and it is smoother with larger energy bundles. The results from the analytical discrete ordinates method show that the fluctuations are due to the ray effect. For the total or the mean radiative heat flux, the results from the analytical discrete ordinates method are very close to those from the reverse Monte Carlo method.
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