Discrete nature of EpCAM⁺and CD90⁺cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is organized by a subset of cells with stem cell features (cancer stem cells; CSCs). CSCs are considered a pivotal target for the eradication of cancer, and liver CSCs have been identified by the use of various stem cell markers. However, little information is known about the expression patterns and characteristics of marker‐positive CSCs, hampering the development of personalized CSC‐targeted therapy. Here, we show that CSC markers EpCAM and CD90 are independently expressed in liver cancer. In primary HCC, EpCAM+ and CD90+ cells resided distinctively, and gene‐expression analysis of sorted cells suggested that EpCAM+ cells had features of epithelial cells, whereas CD90+ cells had those of vascular endothelial cells. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that the presence of EpCAM+ cells was associated with poorly differentiated morphology and high serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), whereas the presence of CD90+ cells was associated with a high incidence of distant organ metastasis. Serial xenotransplantation of EpCAM+/CD90+ cells from primary HCCs in immune‐deficient mice revealed rapid growth of EpCAM+ cells in the subcutaneous lesion and a highly metastatic capacity of CD90+ cells in the lung. In cell lines, CD90+ cells showed abundant expression of c‐Kit and in vitro chemosensitivity to imatinib mesylate. Furthermore, CD90+ cells enhanced the motility of EpCAM+ cells when cocultured in vitro through the activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling, whereas imatinib mesylate suppressed TGFB1 expression in CD90+ cells as well as CD90+ cell‐induced motility of EpCAM+ cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest the discrete nature and potential interaction of EpCAM+ and CD90+ CSCs with specific gene‐expression patterns and chemosensitivity to molecular targeted therapy. The presence of distinct CSCs may determine the clinical outcome of HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)

Notch Inhibitor PF-03084014 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis via Suppression of Cancer Stemness due to Reduced Activation of Notch1–Stat3

“…PF-03084014 decreased the populations of CD90 þ and EpCAM þ cells, which are liver CSC markers ( Fig. 1D) (26). Similarly, expression of stemness-associated genes and proteins NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 were also decreased ( Fig.…”

Defeating EpCAM+ liver cancer stem cells by targeting chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD4 in human hepatocellular carcinoma

“…CSCs, also called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem-like cells, possess stem cell features in their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and contribute to the formation of heterogeneous tumor cell populations. In HCC, several stem cell markers, including CD133, CD90, CD13, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and CD24, have been reported to enrich side populations of CSCs [13][14][15]. We recently reported that the stem cell markers EpCAM and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be used to classify HCC subtypes with distinct gene expression profiles and patient prognoses [11].…”

Surface markers of liver cancer stem cells and innovative targeted-therapy strategies for HCC (Review)

“…To date, the commonly-reported LCSC surface markers are EpCAM (also known as CD326), CD133, CD90 (also known as Thy-1), CD44, and CD13 (40,(46)(47)(48)(49). In addition, other surface markers have also been demonstrated to be involved, including OV6, K19, c-kit (also known as CD117), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).…”