Discrete multitone transmission for underwater optical wireless communication system using probabilistic constellation shaping to approach channel capacity limit

Hong, Xiaojian; Fei, Chao; Zhang, Guowu; Du, Jianhe; He, Sailing

doi:10.1364/ol.44.000558

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To measure modulation rate, many previous researches establish communication system and test the bit error rate (BER) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Also, it could be evaluated by eye diagram with oscilloscope.…”

Section: Performance Of the Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing transmitter’s luminous surface with integrated LED arrays for deep-sea wireless optical communication

Sun

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

AOPC 2022: Atmospheric and Environmental Optics

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： Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is suitable to be used in deep-sea, because the water is clear and the background is darkness. Recently, light emitting diode (LED) are preferred in such communication, because it has up to 120°divergence angle, which makes establishing optical link easier. To enlarge the output power of transmitter, there are several discrete LED chips in the light source usually. However, transmitter with more discrete LEDs is disadvantageous to reduce luminous surface, which is related with UWOC equipment's resistance to water pressure. In this paper, a method is presented to reduce such influence by using integrated LED arrays. Firstly, an integrated LED array is designed with seven blue chips series-connectedly. Then, a compact transmitter is developed with four such arrays. The test results show that the transmitter has up to 20Mbps modulation rate with 5.38W optical power. Using this transmitter, it is hopeful to realize 20Mbps speed and more than 100m distance with a suitable high sensitivity receiver in deep-sea. The performance of this transmitter is nearly the same with the ones in previous sea trials, while the effective luminous surface is reduced. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of transmitter with integrated LED arrays. Method in this paper is useful and pragmatic for deep-sea UWOC application.

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Section: Performance Of the Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing transmitter’s luminous surface with integrated LED arrays for deep-sea wireless optical communication

Sun

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

AOPC 2022: Atmospheric and Environmental Optics

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“…Table 1 lists several impressive progresses in recent years. In 2019, a UWOC system using probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and discrete multi-tone (DMT) technology achieved a data rate of 12.62 Gbit/s over a 35 m underwater channel for the first time [12] , to the best of our knowledge. In the same year, a UWOC system with a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s was deployed in a 60 m underwater channel, which used non-return to zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) modulation and a digital nonlinear equalizer [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial summing is effective in improving the performance, which has been widely used in the visible light communication (VLC) system to mitigate the nonlinear effect. [12] LD/APD 60 (tap water) / / 2.5 Gbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2019 [5] LD/APD 56 (tap water) 0.0876 m −1 4.9056 3.31 Gbit/s QAM AWG/OSC 2020 [13] LD/MPPC 100 (pool water) 0.24 m −1 24 8.4 Mbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2020 [6] LD/PMT 100 (pool water) 0.0585 m −1 5.85 200 Mbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2021 [7] LD/PMT 150 (pool water) 0.053 m −1 8.775 500 Mbit/s PAM AWG/OSC 2021 [8] LD/PMT 200 (pool water) 0.0325 m −1 6.5 500 Mbit/s PAM AWG/OSC 2021 [9] LD/PMT 100.6 (tap water) 0.0658 m −1 6.6195 3 Gbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2022 [10] LD/PMT 5 (turbid water) / / 10 Mbit/s PPM FPGA 2016 [14] LD/PIN 3 (artificial seawater) 0.481 m −1 1.443 50 Mbit/s QAM FPGA 2019 [15] LED/PIN 1.2 (tap water) / / 2.34 Gbit/s DMT FPGA 2020 [16] LED/APD 10 (tap water) 0.056 m −1 0.56 1 Mbit/s FSK FPGA 2020 [17] LD/APD 3.6 (tap water) / / 2.2 Gbit/s OFDM FPGA 2020 [18] LD/SPAD 2 (tap water) / / 6.21 Mbit/s PPM FPGA 2021 [11] LD/PMT 50 (pool water) 0.1307 m −1 In 2013, a VLC transmitter employing discrete power level stepping was proposed to address the nonlinearity, restricted dynamic range, and complex system designs of the conventional optical transmitters [22] . In 2017, a highly compact array of micro-LED pixels was proposed to generate a discrete optical signal, which achieved a data rate up to 200 Mbit/s [23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50 m/187.5 Mbit/s real-time underwater wireless optical communication based on optical superimposition

et al. 2023

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In this paper, an optical pulse amplitude modulation with 4 levels (PAM-4) using a fiber combiner is proposed to enhance the data rate of a field-programmable gate-array-based long-distance real-time underwater wireless optical communication system. Two on-off keying signals with different amplitudes are used to modulate two pigtailed laser diodes, respectively, and the generated optical signals are superimposed into optical PAM-4 signals by a fiber combiner. The optical PAM-4 scheme can effectively alleviate the nonlinearity, although it reduces the peak-to-peak value of the emitting optical power by 25%. A real-time data rate of 187.5 Mbit/s is achieved by using the optical PAM-4 with a transmission distance of 50 m. The data rate is increased by about 25% compared with the conventional electrical PAM-4 in the same condition.

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“… – 3 In recent years, some researchers have explored the UWOC performance using theoretical and experimental methods, and most of them focused on the increase of data transmission rate and communication distance 4 – 6 However, the unique optical properties of the underwater environment and the highly dynamic ocean conditions exacerbate the absorption and scattering of light signals by seawater 7 . As the underwater environment is turbulent, link misalignment will take place frequently, especially in the vertical buoy-based surface-to-bottom UWOC applications 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment-based channel characteristics for underwater wireless optical communication over medium-and-long distance

Guo

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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We provide an experimental study of the channel characteristics in an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system given by a 35-m transmission distance in various water types. A UWOC system using a low-power 488-nm laser diode is established to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the link distance, water turbidity, receiver parameters, and link misalignment on the communication link power. The results show that the link misalignment-induced power loss is significant and the effect of receiver parameters on power is limited. However, a higher turbidity or longer signal transmission distance can help to reduce the link misalignment effect and manifest the receiver parameters effect on the received power. In particular, in turbid waters with an attenuation coefficient of 0.471 m −1 , the change of the signal reception power curve is small over a certain degree of the link misalignment in the 35-m physical distance, and the reasonable configuration of receiver parameters effectively improves the signal reception quality in the UWOC system. These results can provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the UWOC system.

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Discrete multitone transmission for underwater optical wireless communication system using probabilistic constellation shaping to approach channel capacity limit

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Reducing transmitter’s luminous surface with integrated LED arrays for deep-sea wireless optical communication

Reducing transmitter’s luminous surface with integrated LED arrays for deep-sea wireless optical communication

50 m/187.5 Mbit/s real-time underwater wireless optical communication based on optical superimposition

Experiment-based channel characteristics for underwater wireless optical communication over medium-and-long distance

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