Discrepancies between self-reported smoking and carboxyhemoglobin: an analysis of the second national health and nutrition survey.

Abstract

Environmental, self-report, and demographic factors mediated the relationship between self-reported cigarette smoking and carboxyhemoglobin among 2114 smokers and 3918 nonsmokers. Self-reported nonsmokers with carboxyhemoglobin levels between 2% and 3% were more likely to be self-reported ex-smokers, to live in a larger community, and to be younger, less educated, and male than were self-reported nonsmokers with carboxyhemoglobin levels of less than 2%. Self-reported nonsmokers with strong evidence of cigarette consumption (carboxyhemoglobin level greater than 3%) were more likely to be self-reported ex-smokers, younger, less educated, and non-White than were nonsmokers with carboxyhemoglobin levels of less than 2%.

From Intentions to Quit to the Actual Quitting Process: The Case of Smoking Behavior in Light of the TPB

“…However, the results of a meta‐analysis of TPB research (Armitage & Conner, 2001) showed that discrepancy between observed and self‐reported behavior, although present, is not substantial ( R 2 = .20 and .31, respectively). Furthermore, a number of studies have successfully validated the self‐report measures against more objective measures in the domain of smoking behavior (Klesges, Klesges, & Cigrang, 1992; Patrick et al., 1994; Petitti, Friedman, & Kahn, 1981). Nevertheless, while it is almost impossible to obtain objective measures for constructs such as the components of the TPB, previous history of quit attempts, and various measures of action planning, it would be useful to collect objective measures of quitting smoking and smoking‐related habits.…”

Longitudinal changes in haemoglobin mass and VO2max in adolescents

“…Indeed a level of HbCO of 18% was used during exercise without incident byGonzalez-Alonso et al (2001). Smokers have chronic levels of HbCO of »5-6%(Hirsch et al 1985;Klesges et al 1992) which indicates that this level of CO, per se, is not detrimental. Moreover, the half-life of CO in the blood stream is »4 h…”

The Relation Between Past Behavior, Intention, Planning, and Quitting Smoking: The Moderating Effect of Future Orientation

“…Although it is difficult to obtain objective measures for constructs such as intentions, previous quit attempts, and planning, it would be useful to collect objective measures of quitting smoking and examine the moderating effects of future orientation on such measures. Nevertheless, a number of studies have successfully validated the self‐report measures against more objective measures in the domain of smoking behavior (Klesges, Klesges, & Cigrang, 1992; Patrick et al., 1994; Petitti, Friedman, & Kahn, 1981). Second, the sample size is small and on the margin of what is the considered to be a minimum requirement for the present analysis (Tabachnik & Fidell, 1989).…”