Discovery of yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium isotopes

Nystrom, A.; Thoennessen, M.

doi:10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.002

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Currently, no fewer than 34 radionuclides of yttrium, from 76 Y to 109 Y, have been synthesized and observed. 18 While 86 Y, 87 Y, 88 Y, 90 Y and 91 Y have half-lives of 14.7 hours, 79.8 hours, 106.6 days, 64.1 hours, and 58.5 days respectively, all other yttrium isotopes (excluding the naturally abundant 89 Y) are much shorter lived with half-lives of less than a few hours. The main isotopes of yttrium can be grouped into two types depending on their main decay processes (b À or b + ) and their half-lives ( Table 2).…”

Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, decay of those proton rich isotopes ( 88 Y and below) can occur via b + decay (positron emission), in which protons convert into neutrons releasing a positron and a neutrino to form strontium species. Those radioisotopes that exhibit b + decay can be used for PET imaging, which typically includes isotopes such as 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, 18 F, 68 Ga or 89 Zr.…”

Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis, separation, and isolation of these isotopes is clearly very important. A summary of the first report of each synthetic yttrium isotope, and its initial synthesis, is given by Nystrom et al 18 Briefly, 90 Y isotopes were first made in 1937 from high energy neutron bombardment of 89 Y, although separation of 90 Y from 89 Y is extremely challenging. For in vivo applications, 90 Y is now more commonly made from 90 Sr, one of the waste products from the fission of 235 U (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of yttrium in medical imaging and therapy: historical background and future perspectives

et al. 2020

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Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiochemical Properties and Production Of Yttrium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of yttrium in medical imaging and therapy: historical background and future perspectives

et al. 2020

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“…Gamma-Service Medical, model GSM D1 with 137 Cs as radioactive source with LET = 0.23 keV • μm −1 was used for γ-ray irradiation into the ARRONAX facility lab. The source activity is up to 200 TBq with dose uniformity less than 10 % over a 300 mm 2 . The dose rate was determined for all irradiation positions at 3 Gy • min −1 .…”

Section: γ-Ray Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technetium, element 43, is the lowest atomic number radioelements, it was discovered in 1937 during irradiation of a molybdenum plate with deuteron beam at the Berkeley cyclotron [1]. Different Tc isotopes with half-life varying from a couple of seconds to millions of years for 99 Tc [2] are reported. The most common isotopes are 99 Tc (t 1/2 = 2.11 × 10 5 years, E β-max.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of technetium in carbonate media under helium ions and γ radiation

et al. 2018

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Technetium carbonates complexes produced by chemical, electrochemical and radiolytic methods have been studied by UV-Visible, X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) and Density Functional Theory methods. The (NH4)2TcCl6 salt was dissolved in 2 M KHCO3. The resulting purple solution was analyzed by XAFS and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectra exhibits a band centered at 515 nm. The XAFS results were consistent with the presence of polymeric species containing the [Tc2(μ−O)2]4+ core coordinated to carbonate ligand. Concerning the electrochemical methods, the pertechnetate anion was electrochemically reduced in concentrated carbonate solution [(CO32−)=5 M and (HCO3−)=0.5 M]. For the radiolytic reduction, the speciation of Tc under Helium ions particle beam and γ radiation was examined by UV-Visible and XAFS spectroscopy in high concentrated carbonate media. In concentrated carbonate solutions, pertechnetate as Tc(VII), was not reduced under irradiation due to the formation of carbonate radical which is a strong oxidant. Then, the solution proposed was the addition of formate to the solution which can scavenge hydroxyl radical 10 times faster than carbonate and prevent re-oxidation of reduced technetium. The XANES and EXAFS spectroscopies, approved by theoretical methods, revealed that the final product of the radiolytic reduction of pertechnetate is in the +IV oxidation state. The final structure of the reduced product by He2+ radiolysis was the same as electrochemical reduction. From this complex determination and evolution vs. the dose, this study is reporting the solubility of the Tc(IV) complex.

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Recent Advances in Radiometals for Combined Imaging and Therapy in Cancer

et al. 2021

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Nuclear medicine is defined as the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The imaging modalities positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are based on γ-emissions of specific energies. The therapeutic technologies are based on β À -particle-, α-particle-, and Auger electron emitters. In oncology, PET and SPECT are used to detect cancer lesions, to determine dosimetry, and to monitor therapy effectiveness. In contrast, radiotherapy is designed to irreparably damage tumor cells in order to eradicate or control the disease's progression. Radiometals are being explored for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Strategies that combine both modalities (diagnostic and therapeutic), referred to as theranostics, are promising candidates for clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts behind therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and their significance in contemporary oncology. Select radiometals that significantly impact current and upcoming cancer treatment strategies are grouped as clinically suitable theranostics pairs. The most important physical and chemical properties are discussed. Standard production methods and current radionuclide availability are provided to indicate whether a cost-efficient use in a clinical routine is feasible. Recent preclinical and clinical developments and outline perspectives for the radiometals are highlighted in each section.

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Discovery of yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium isotopes

Cited by 14 publications

References 159 publications

The use of yttrium in medical imaging and therapy: historical background and future perspectives

The use of yttrium in medical imaging and therapy: historical background and future perspectives

Speciation of technetium in carbonate media under helium ions and γ radiation

Recent Advances in Radiometals for Combined Imaging and Therapy in Cancer

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