Discovery of Third Possible Ion Generating Source in 4π Plasma Focus Device Space

Abstract

Discovery of a possible third source of ion generation in 4π Plasma Focus Device (PFD) space is reported. Unexpected observation of dense ion tracks, called “On Shadow Ion Tracks” (OSIT), on the “ion cathode shadows” (ICS) was discovered. These ions were formed on panorama mega-size cylindrical polycarbonate ion image detectors placed behind the cathodes in the PFD space on PFD wall, where no ion tracks are expected to exist. Such unexpected ion tracks were observed when different gases were used, in particular hydrogen, deuterium, and helium. An ICS is formed on the detector when each cathode shadows and removes all ions bombarding it from the “anode top” and “anode cathodes assembly.” Such ion tracks forming the OSITs seem to be generated not from the “anode top” and “a node cathodes assembly” but also from a third possible ion source in PFD space bombarding the detector.

Breakthrough 4π helium ion energy spatial distribution determination in plasma focus space by Sohrabi mega-size panorama cylindrical ion image detector

“…For this discovery, Sohrabi 3D panorama position sensitive mega-size cylindrical polycarbonate ion image detectors (MS-PCIDs) were used around the walls of a PFD for hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and nitrogen ion distribution which observed for the rst time "ion cathode shadows" on the MS-PCIDs [36][37][38][39][40] , In this discovery, "Two-sources Ion Emission Model" was also theorized accordingly based on which ions are emitted in 4π PFD ion space from "anode top" as an intense "point ion source" and "anode cathodes assembly" as a "line ion source 36,41 ". Also, a third possible ion generating source was discovered in 4π PFD space by Sohrabi which is thought to be due to in-space ion generation 42 , yet to be further veri ed. In line with such studies, the effects of different PFD technical parameters on 4π ion emission were studied such as effects of anode geometry on forward wide-angle neon ion emissions and gas pressure on angular distribution of hydrogen ions 38,41 .…”