Discovery of the Major Mechanism of Global Warming and Climate Change

Rivera, Paul C.

doi:10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.29

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When one of the objects moves to a new distance Rn, Equation 1 becomes 2 n n Mm F G R = ( 2 ) This is possible as any transient perturbing force of sufficient magnitude can alter the orbital distance R to Rn. For instance, it was shown that the strong Sumatra quake of December 26, 2004 and its giant tsunami moved the moon by increasing the gravitational force resulting to the increased tilt of the planet earth as the moon receded (Rivera, 2011;Rivera & Khan, 2012). Hence, transient gravitational weakening can occur due to massive quakes.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundation and Extended Newtonian Gravitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unknown to many, the earth can perturb the moon in its orbit during massive quakes (Rivera, 2011). It is also possible that strong and long-lasting moonquakes can perturb the earth.…”

Section: Seismic-perturbed Gravitation -The Problem Of Geo-astronomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible that strong and long-lasting moonquakes can perturb the earth. As a result of the episodic oceanic force during earthquakes, the gravitational force between earth and moon may change with an associated change in the orbital distance between the earth and the moon (Rivera, 2011;Rivera & Khan, 2012 Equating 6 and 7 and rearranging gives…”

Section: Seismic-perturbed Gravitation -The Problem Of Geo-astronomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A massive quake is defined here as an earthquake with a magnitude ≥ M7.5 that is capable of perturbing the whole planet. The physical basis of this can be found in Rivera (2011) in which the total seismic-generated collision force Ft is given by the sum of the hydrostatic pressure-force and the quake-generated lateral collision force, i.e.…”

Section: Anomalous Increase Of the Astronomical Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the altered gravitational force between the earth and the moon during the quake. The Earthquake-Perturbed Obliquity Change Model (EPOCH) in Rivera (2011) and Rivera and Khan (2012) showed how earthquakes could alter the lunar position with a concomitant tilting of the earth as the moon moves farther. The collision force of the seismic-disturbed oceans of the earth appears to move the moon via a linear momentum transfer mechanism.…”

Section: Anomalous Recession Of the Lunar Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Rivera¹

2019

APR

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The anomalous increase of the astronomical unit, the mysterious secular increase of the lunar eccentricity and the flyby anomaly are important issues of modern astronomy. This study aims to determine the effect of earthquakes on the origin of these anomalies. Based on conventional physics, we found the existence of earthquake-induced gravitational weakening within the earth-moon-sun system and beyond. New equations of gravitation, including time dilation, are introduced that can explain the anomalous increase of the astronomical unit and the lunar orbit. A modified equation that includes the effect of massive quakes also explains the anomalous increase of the lunar eccentricity. Furthermore, the results of the present study can explain the flyby and Pioneer anomalies experienced by spacecraft during gravity assisted maneuvers. A modification of the 3rd Law of Kepler is also presented. Implications on the elliptic orbit of the earth, its reduced velocity and the occurrence of leap years are also discussed. Using the seismic-induced gravitational weakening model, probable trigger mechanisms of the faint young sun paradox and the Allais effect are also presented. An estimate of the age of the earth based on the observed values of the Hubble parameter and the USGS earthquake data for the past century is also presented. A new model of the seismic-driven expanding universe and a new equation to determine the expansion rate of galaxies and the universe is also proposed. The sudden earth’s retreat due to gravitational weakening and its implication on anomalous astronomical refraction and flight risk at night especially near the equatorial region, and its effect on the abrupt satellite orbital decay, spin and drift are also discussed. This study may also shed light on the occurrence of sinkholes and massive landslides. Finally, this study proposes a new equation that can explain the observed changes in the fine structure constant.

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Section: Theoretical Foundation and Extended Newtonian Gravitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unknown to many, the earth can perturb the moon in its orbit during massive quakes (Rivera, 2011). It is also possible that strong and long-lasting moonquakes can perturb the earth.…”

Section: Seismic-perturbed Gravitation -The Problem Of Geo-astronomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic-perturbed Gravitation -The Problem Of Geo-astronomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anomalous Increase Of the Astronomical Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anomalous Recession Of the Lunar Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Rivera¹

2019

APR

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Global warming: causes and impacts on agroecosystems productivity and food security with emphasis on cassava comparative advantage in the tropics/subtropics

El‐Sharkawy¹

2014

Photosynt.

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Earth's climate has experienced notable changes during the past 50-70 years when global surface temperature has risen by 0.8ºC during the 20th century. This was a consequence of the rise in the concentration of biogenic gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone) in the atmosphere that contribute, along with water vapor, to the so-called 'greenhouse effect'. Most of the emissions of greenhouse gases have been, and still are, the product of human activities, namely, the excessive use of fossil energy, deforestations in the humid tropics with associated poor land usemanagement, and wide-scale degradation of soils under crop cultivation and animal/pasture ecosystems. General Circulation Models predict that atmospheric CO 2 concentration will probably reach 700 µmol(CO 2 ) mol -1 . This can result in rise of Earth's temperature from 1.5 to over 5ºC by the end of this century. This may instigate 0.60-1.0 m rise in sea level, with impacts on coastal lowlands across continents. Crop modeling predicts significant changes in agricultural ecosystems. The mid-and high-latitude regions might reap the benefits of warming and CO 2 fertilization effects via increasing total production and yield of C 3 plants coupled with greater water-use efficiencies. The tropical/subtropical regions will probably suffer the worst impacts of global climate changes. These impacts include wide-scale socioeconomic changes, such as degradation and losses of natural resources, low agricultural production, and lower crop yields, increased risks of hunger, and above all waves of human migration and dislocation. Due to inherent cassava tolerance to heat, water stress, and poor soils, this crop is highly adaptable to warming climate. Such a trait should enhance its role in food security in the tropics and subtropics.

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Seismic-Perturbed Obliquity Change as a Trigger Mechanism of El Niño Southern Oscillation Phenomenon

Rivera¹

2022

Preprint

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An alternative physical mechanism is proposed to describe the occurrence of the episodic El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina climatic phenomena. This is based on the earthquake-perturbed obliquity change (EPOCH) model previously discovered as a major cause of the global climate change problem. Massive quakes impart a very strong oceanic force that can move the moon which in turn pulls the earth’s axis and change the planetary obliquity. Analysis of the annual geomagnetic north-pole shift and global seismic data revealed this previously undiscovered force. Using a higher obliquity in the global climate model EdGCM and constant greenhouse gas forcing showed that the seismic-induced polar motion and associated enhanced obliquity could be the major mechanism governing the mysterious climate anomalies attributed to El Nino and La Nina cycles.

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Discovery of the Major Mechanism of Global Warming and Climate Change

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Global warming: causes and impacts on agroecosystems productivity and food security with emphasis on cassava comparative advantage in the tropics/subtropics

Seismic-Perturbed Obliquity Change as a Trigger Mechanism of El Niño Southern Oscillation Phenomenon

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