Discovery of supercritical carbon dioxide in a hydrothermal system

Zhang, Xin; Li, Lianfu; Du, Zheng; Hao, Xiluo; Cao, Lei; Luan, Zhaokun; Wang, Bing; Shen, Xi; Lian, Chao; Yan, Jun; Sun, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.023

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Raman spectroscopy can detect multiple gases simultaneously. This method has been successfully applied in hydrothermal vents and cold seep fluids for dissolved gas detection and obtained many results that were different from the sampling measurements [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, this method can be used only in high concentration areas due to its lower sensitivity, thus, the background concentrations of ocean water have not yet been measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The detection of dissolved gases in seawater plays an important role in oceanic observations and exploration. As a potential technique for oceanic applications, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully applied in hydrothermal vents and cold seep fluids, but it has not yet been used in common seawater due to the technique’s lower sensitivity. In this work, we present a highly sensitive underwater in situ Raman spectroscopy system for dissolved gas detection in common seawater. Considering the difficulty of underwater degassing and in situ detection, we designed a near-concentric cavity to improve the sensitivity, with a miniature gas sample chamber featuring an inner volume of 1 mL placed inside the cavity to reach equilibrium in a short period of time. According to the 3σ criteria, the detection limits of this system for CO2, O2, and H2 were calculated to be 72.8, 44.0, and 27.7 ppm, respectively. Using a hollow fiber membrane degasser with a large surface area, the CO2 signal was found to be clearly visible in 30 s at a flow rate of 550 mL/min. Moreover, we deployed the system in Qingdao’s offshore seawater, and the field test showed that this system is capable of successfully detecting in situ the multiple gases dissolved in the seawater simultaneously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…[ 14–20 ] To meet the requirements for high‐temperature hydrothermal fluid detection, a new adaptation of the in situ Raman spectrometer, the Raman insertion probe (RiP), was developed. [ 21–24 ] The RiP system has been quantitatively calibrated and successfully applied in high‐temperature hydrothermal fluid explorations since 2015 [ 21,25,26 ] and has now been applied to the measurement of hydrothermal CO 2 in hydrothermal vents, [ 24–26 ] setting an excellent example for the detection of gas species from deep‐sea high‐temperature hydrothermal vents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Raman quantitative detection of methane concentrations in deep‐sea high‐temperature hydrothermal vent fluids

Zhang

Luan

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Raman spectroscopy is an ideal approach for measuring methane concentrations in deep‐sea high‐temperature hydrothermal vent fluids due to its advantages of being nondestructive and noninvasive and not requiring sample pretreatment. However, no application of Raman spectroscopy in the measurement of hydrothermal methane has yet been reported because of the lack of Raman quantitative calibration models for CH4 suitable for hydrothermal fluid detection and available for deep‐sea in situ Raman experiments. In this study, a new Raman quantitative calibration model suitable for hydrothermal fluid detection was established with the linear equation ACH4/AH2normalO = (2.61E‐3 ± 8.52E‐6) × CCH4, where ACH4/AH2normalO is the peak area ratio of CH4 and H2O and CCH4 is the concentration of dissolved CH4 in mmol/kg. In situ Raman spectra of deep‐sea hydrothermal fluids were acquired using an adapted deep‐sea in situ Raman spectrometer, Raman insertion probe (RiP) system, and then the methane concentrations were determined based on the quantitative calibration model for CH4. The concentrations of methane measured by RiP are approximately 1.5–4.0 times higher than those derived from the gas‐tight samples collected simultaneously at the same vents, which indicates that the amount of methane released from the hydrothermal system has probably been underestimated.

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“…Hydrothermal systems identified in a range of tectonic environments are always a popular topic in Earth sciences [1,2]. Black smoker chimneys enriched in metallic sulfides are a major product of modern seafloor hydrothermal activity on the ocean floor and are considered a potential marine metal resource [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Fe–S isotope composition of sulfide chimneys dominated by temperature heterogeneity in seafloor hydrothermal systems

et al. 2020

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Discovery of supercritical carbon dioxide in a hydrothermal system

Cited by 34 publications

References 55 publications

Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy

Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy

In situ Raman quantitative detection of methane concentrations in deep‐sea high‐temperature hydrothermal vent fluids

Coupled Fe–S isotope composition of sulfide chimneys dominated by temperature heterogeneity in seafloor hydrothermal systems

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