Discovery of spectacular quasar-driven superbubbles in red quasars

Shen, Lu; Liu, Guilin; He, Zhicheng; Zakamska, Nadia L.; Glikman, Eilat; Greene, Jenny E.; Hu, Weida; Mou, Guobin; Wylezalek, Dominika; Rupke, David S. N.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg8287

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This band arises due to the overlap of the receding and approaching sides of the outflow. In these spaxels, both red-and blueshifted components are detected (Shen et al 2023). In contrast, in many of these spaxels [S IV] remains undetected, or only one component is detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The enormous, ionized wind in F2M1106 is a remarkable example of a quasar-driven outflow (Shen et al 2023). It contrasts, however, with the spherical outflows surrounding "normal" Type 1 and 2 quasars at similar redshifts (Liu et al 2013a(Liu et al , 2013b(Liu et al , 2014 in its extreme velocities (reaching W 80% > 2000 km s −1 ) and dramatic, bipolar shape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…GMOS has 0 2 hexagonal spaxels, almost identical to the sampling of MIRI at these wavelengths. The details of the data reduction and analysis are described in Shen et al (2023). The seeing was 0 4; however, the delivered image quality is coarser.…”

Section: Geminimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nearest quasar in the Q3D sample is a Type 1 quasar with z = 0.4350 and bolometric luminosity L bol = 10 46 -10 47 erg s −1 (Shen et al 2023). SDSS J110648.32+480712.3 was selected as a red quasar from a cross-correlation of the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST; Becker et al 1995) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS; Skrutskie et al 2006) surveys (Glikman et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F2M1106 entered the Q3D sample thanks to the discovery of a fast, powerful quasar outflow clearly detected in [O III] and extending out to distances over 10 kpc from the nucleus (Shen et al 2023). Due to its proximity, we can use F2M1106 to explore tracers of this quasar outflow in the rest-frame nearand mid-IR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-infrared Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z = 0.435

Rupke,

Wylezalek,

Zakamska

et al. 2023

ApJL

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The [O iii] 5007 Å emission line is the most common tracer of warm, ionized outflows in active galactic nuclei across cosmic time. JWST newly allows us to use mid-IR spectral features at both high spatial and spectral resolution to probe these same winds. Here we present a comparison of ground-based, seeing-limited [O iii] and space-based, diffraction-limited [S iv] 10.51 μm maps of the powerful, kiloparsec-scale outflow in the Type 1 red quasar SDSS J110648.32+480712.3. The JWST data are from the Mid-InfraRed Instrument. There is a close match in resolution between the data sets (∼0.″6), in ionization potential of the O+2 and S+3 ions (35 eV) and in line sensitivity (1–2 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2). The [O iii] and [S iv] line shapes match in velocity and line width over much of the 20 kpc outflowing nebula, and [S iv] is the brightest line in the rest-frame 3.5–19.5 μm range, demonstrating its usefulness as a mid-IR probe of quasar outflows. [O iii] is nevertheless intrinsically brighter and provides better contrast with the point-source continuum, which is strong in the mid-IR. There is a strong anticorrelation of [O iii]/[S iv] with average velocity, which is consistent with a scenario of differential obscuration between the approaching (blueshifted) and receding (redshifted) sides of the flow. The dust in the wind may also obscure the central quasar, consistent with models that attribute red quasar extinction to dusty winds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Geminimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-infrared Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z = 0.435

Rupke,

Wylezalek,

Zakamska

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Ionised AGN outflows in the Goldfish galaxy: The illuminating and interacting red quasar eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 at z ∼ 0.6

Musiimenta,

Speranza,

Urrutia

et al. 2024

A&A

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Evolutionary models suggest that the initial growth phases of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are dust-enshrouded and characterised by jet or wind outflows that should gradually clear the interstellar medium (ISM) in the host by heating and/or expelling the surrounding gas. eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 (zsim 0.6) was selected from X-ray samples of eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) for its characteristics: red colours, X--ray obscuration (N$ _H \,=\,$2.7times 1022 $) and luminous (L$_ X $=6.5times 1044\,$\; $), similar to those expected in quasars with outflows. It hosts an ionised outflow as revealed by a broad O III AA $ emission line in the SDSS integrated spectrum. For a proper characterisation of the outflow properties and their effects, we need spatially resolved information. We aim to explore the environment around the red quasar, morphology of the O III gas and characterise the kinematics, mass outflow rates and energetics within the system. We used spatially resolved spectroscopic data from Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) with an average seeing of 0.6" to construct flux, velocity and velocity dispersion maps. Thanks to the spatially resolved O III AA $ emission detected, we provide insights into the morphology and kinematics of the ionised gas and better estimates of the outflow properties. We find that the quasar is embedded in an interacting and merging system with three other galaxies sim 50 kpc from its nucleus. Spatially resolved kinematics reveal that the quasar has extended ionised outflows of up to 9.2$^ $ kpc with positive and negative velocities up to 1000\,$\; $ and $-$1200\,$\; $, respectively. The velocity dispersion (W$_ $) ranges from 600 $-$ 1800\,$\; $. We associate the presence of high-velocity components with the outflow. The total mass outflow rate is estimated to be sim 10 M$_ odot $ yr$^ $, a factor of sim 3 $-$ 7 higher than the previous findings for the same target and kinetic power of 2times 1042\,$\; $. Considering different AGN bolometric luminosities, the kinetic coupling efficiencies range from 0.01<!PCT!> $-$ 0.03<!PCT!> and the momentum boosts are sim 0.2. The kinetic coupling efficiency values are low, which indicates that the ionised outflow is not energetically relevant. These values don't align with the theoretical predictions of both radiation-pressure-driven outflows and energy-conserving mechanisms. However, note that our results are based only on the ionised phase while theoretical predictions are multi-phase. Moreover, the mass loading factor of sim 5 is an indication that these outflows are more likely AGN-driven than star formation-driven.

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Accretion and obscuration in merger-dominated luminous red quasars

Glikman,

LaMassa,

Piconcelli

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present an analysis of the X-ray properties 10 luminous, dust-reddened quasars from the FIRST-2MASS (F2M) survey based on new and archival Chandra observations. These systems are interpreted to be young, transitional objects predicted by merger-driven models of quasar/galaxy co-evolution. The sources have been well-studied from the optical through mid-infrared, have Eddington ratios above 0.1, and possess high-resolution imaging, most of which shows disturbed morphologies indicative of a recent or ongoing merger. When combined with previous X-ray studies of five other F2M red quasars, we find that the sources, especially those hosted by mergers, have moderate to high column densities (NH ≃ 1022.5 − 23.5 cm−2) and Eddington ratios high enough to enable radiation pressure to blow out the obscuring material. We confirm previous findings that red quasars have dust-to-gas ratios that are significantly lower than the value for the Milky Way’s interstellar medium, especially when hosted by a merger. The dust-to-gas ratio for two red quasars that lack evidence for merging morphology is consistent with the Milky Way and they do not meet the radiative feedback conditions for blowout. These findings support the picture of quasar/galaxy co-evolution in which a merger results in feeding of and feedback from an AGN. We compare the F2M red quasars to other obscured and reddened quasar populations in the literature, finding that, although morphological information is lacking, nearly all such samples meet blowout conditions and exhibit outflow signatures suggestive of winds and feedback.

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Discovery of spectacular quasar-driven superbubbles in red quasars

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-infrared Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z = 0.435

First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-infrared Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z = 0.435

Ionised AGN outflows in the Goldfish galaxy: The illuminating and interacting red quasar eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 at z ∼ 0.6

Accretion and obscuration in merger-dominated luminous red quasars

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