Discovery of Novel Thrips Vector Proteins That Bind to the Viral Attachment Protein of the Plant Bunyavirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

Badillo-Vargas, Ismael E.; Chen, Yuting; Martin, Kathleen M.; Rotenberg, Dorith; Whitfield, Anna E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00699-19

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…In total, 96 innate immune genes were curated from the genome (Additional file 2: Table S17) [38,39,129,197,[212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223]. Toll and JAK-STAT pathway members were well represented, and all but two members of the IMD pathway were located.…”

Section: Innate Immunity Canonical Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

et al. 2020

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Background The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber, and ornamental crops. The underlying genetic mechanisms of the processes governing thrips pest and vector biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, and insecticide resistance are largely unknown. To address this gap, we present the F. occidentalis draft genome assembly and official gene set. Results We report on the first genome sequence for any member of the insect order Thysanoptera. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) assessments of the genome assembly (size = 415.8 Mb, scaffold N50 = 948.9 kb) revealed a relatively complete and well-annotated assembly in comparison to other insect genomes. The genome is unusually GC-rich (50%) compared to other insect genomes to date. The official gene set (OGS v1.0) contains 16,859 genes, of which ~ 10% were manually verified and corrected by our consortium. We focused on manual annotation, phylogenetic, and expression evidence analyses for gene sets centered on primary themes in the life histories and activities of plant-colonizing insects. Highlights include the following: (1) divergent clades and large expansions in genes associated with environmental sensing (chemosensory receptors) and detoxification (CYP4, CYP6, and CCE enzymes) of substances encountered in agricultural environments; (2) a comprehensive set of salivary gland genes supported by enriched expression; (3) apparent absence of members of the IMD innate immune defense pathway; and (4) developmental- and sex-specific expression analyses of genes associated with progression from larvae to adulthood through neometaboly, a distinct form of maturation differing from either incomplete or complete metamorphosis in the Insecta. Conclusions Analysis of the F. occidentalis genome offers insights into the polyphagous behavior of this insect pest that finds, colonizes, and survives on a widely diverse array of plants. The genomic resources presented here enable a more complete analysis of insect evolution and biology, providing a missing taxon for contemporary insect genomics-based analyses. Our study also offers a genomic benchmark for molecular and evolutionary investigations of other Thysanoptera species.

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Section: Innate Immunity Canonical Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

et al. 2020

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“…Distribution of nucleotide variation and nucleotide diversity along segment M showed that variation mainly maps to the intergenic region ( Figure 6 B), with variation higher than average also detected at the C-terminal of NSm, at the ends of the glycoprotein and near the protease cleavage site in the glycoprotein ( Figure 6 B). Glycoprotein variation might be related to its interaction with thrips vectors [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation Profile of the Orthotospovirus Genome

Nigam

García-Ruíz

2020

Pathogens

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Orthotospoviruses are plant-infecting members of the family Tospoviridae (order Bunyavirales), have a broad host range and are vectored by polyphagous thrips in a circulative-propagative manner. Because diverse hosts and vectors impose heterogeneous selection constraints on viral genomes, the evolutionary arms races between hosts and their pathogens might be manifested as selection for rapid changes in key genes. These observations suggest that orthotospoviruses contain key genetic components that rapidly mutate to mediate host adaptation and vector transmission. Using complete genome sequences, we profiled genomic variation in orthotospoviruses. Results show that the three genomic segments contain hypervariable areas at homologous locations across species. Remarkably, the highest nucleotide variation mapped to the intergenic region of RNA segments S and M, which fold into a hairpin. Secondary structure analyses showed that the hairpin is a dynamic structure with multiple functional shapes formed by stems and loops, contains sites under positive selection and covariable sites. Accumulation and tolerance of mutations in the intergenic region is a general feature of orthotospoviruses and might mediate adaptation to host plants and insect vectors.

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“…occidentalis , and T . tabaci [ 15 , 27 , 28 , 40 ]. The dissemination dynamics of TSWV is very similar in these three thrips species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission mode of watermelon silver mottle virus by Thrips palmi

Mou

Chen

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Thrips and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses cause significant losses in crop yields worldwide. The melon thrips (Thrips palmi) is not only a pest of cucurbit crops, but also a vector that transmits tospoviruses, such as the watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). Vector transmission of tospoviruses has been well studied in the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–Frankliniella occidentalis model system; however, until now the transmission mode of WSMoV by T. palmi has not been sufficiently examined. The results of the transmission assays suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent manner, and that the virus is mainly transmitted by adults, having been ingested at the first-instar larval stage. Complementary RNAs corresponding to the NSm and NSs genes of WSMoV were detected in viruliferous thrips by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; NSs protein was also detected in viruliferous thrips by western blotting, verifying the replication of WSMoV in T. palmi. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in thrips infected with WSMoV at the first-instar larval stage, the virus eventually infected various tissues of the adult thrips, including the primary salivary glands. Taken together, these results suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent-propagative mode. The results of this study make a significant contribution to the understanding of the transmission biology of tospoviruses in general.

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Discovery of Novel Thrips Vector Proteins That Bind to the Viral Attachment Protein of the Plant Bunyavirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

Cited by 42 publications

References 74 publications

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

Variation Profile of the Orthotospovirus Genome

Transmission mode of watermelon silver mottle virus by Thrips palmi

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