Discovery of novel orexin receptor antagonists using a 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane bearing multiple effective residues (TriMER) library

Saitoh, Tohru; Amezawa, Mao; Horiuchi, Jumpei; Nagumo, Yoko; Yamamoto, Naoshi; Kutsumura, Noriki; Ohshita, Ryuichiro; Tokuda, Akihisa; Irukayama-Tomobe, Yoko; Ogawa, Yasuhiro; Ishikawa, Yukiko; Hasegawa, Emi; Sakurai, Takeshi; Uchida, Yasuo; Sato, Takaaki; Gouda, Hiroaki; Tanimura, Ryuji; Yanagisawa, Masashi; Saitoh, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114505

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, while 36 showed a significant sleep‐inducing effect after IP administration (10 mg/kg) in wild type (WT) mice, 37 blocked the locomotor activity induced by orexin‐A after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration (10 mg/kg). Docking studies performed with eutomers (−)‐ 38 and (+) ‐39 suggested that the 1,3,5‐trioxazatriquinane scaffold favors the horseshoe‐like conformation for both compounds, which establish van der Waals interactions with the receptors, and the interactions with ECL2 are important for the receptor selectivity 89 . Therefore, the results of this study encourage the use of the 1,3,5‐trioxazatriquinane scaffold to identify further OX‐R antagonists.…”

Section: Newly Developed Ox‐r Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Docking studies performed with eutomers (−)-38 and (+)-39 suggested that the 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane scaffold favors the horseshoe-like conformation for both compounds, which establish van der Waals interactions with the receptors, and the interactions with ECL2 are important for the receptor selectivity. 89 Therefore, the results of this study encourage the use of the 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane scaffold to identify further OX-R antagonists.…”

Section: Homopiperazinesmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

Bonifazi

Bello

Giorgioni

et al. 2023

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Orexin‐A and orexin‐B, also named hypocretin‐1 and hypocretin‐2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein‐coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1‐R) and type 2 (OX2‐R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX‐Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep‐wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2‐R), emotion, panic‐like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1‐R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure–activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual‐orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1‐R and OX2‐R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype‐selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1‐R/OX2‐R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX‐R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly‐pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.

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Section: Newly Developed Ox‐r Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Homopiperazinesmentioning

confidence: 68%