Discovery of Novel High-Molecular Weight Oligosaccharides Containing N-Acetylhexosamine in Bovine Colostrum Whey Permeate Hydrolyzed with Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase

Abstract

Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) that resemble human milk oligosaccharides are found in whey permeate, indicating that dairy streams can be used as a potential source of bioactive oligosaccharides. Recovery of oligosaccharides from whey permeate is hindered by their low abundance and high concentration of lactose. In the present work, lactose in bovine colostrum whey permeate was hydrolyzed by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase to facilitate subsequent monosaccharide removal by membrane separation. Chromatographic separation coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed β-galactosidase degradation of several β-linkage-containing BMOs and production of novel oligosaccharides that ranged in size from 5 to 11 monosaccharide units containing several galactose repeating units and N-acetylhexosamine at their reducing ends. Optimization of BMO hydrolysis and separation methodology could generate high amounts of hetero-oligosaccharides for improved recovery of potentially biotherapeutic oligosaccharides.

Analysis of Oligosaccharides in Korean Fermented Soybean Products by the Combination of Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography

“…GlcNAc and metabolized monosaccharides can be transferred to another carbohydrate, yielding the novel oligosaccharides we found in this study. 19 Further studies on related metabolic processes and enzymes will be necessary in the future.…”

“…17 However, the HPLC or HPAEC analysis of complex oligosaccharides is challenging due to the lack of oligosaccharide standards and the difficulty in achieving complete chromatographic resolution of individual structures. Currently, advanced mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with chromatography is being employed more often in this field, offering the advantages of superior resolution provided by the combination of chromatography and MS. 18,19 In this study, we employed an HPLC instrument coupled with a high mass accuracy quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass analyzer. With this analytical platform, the oligosaccharide profiles of doenjang and ganjang were obtained.…”

“…However, the HPLC or HPAEC analysis of complex oligosaccharides is challenging due to the lack of oligosaccharide standards and the difficulty in achieving complete chromatographic resolution of individual structures. Currently, advanced mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with chromatography is being employed more often in this field, offering the advantages of superior resolution provided by the combination of chromatography and MS. , …”

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives

“…It is particularly noteworthy that the sialylated oligosaccharide composition in human milk is N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). In contrast, mammalian milk, such as cow’s and goat’s, contain human exogenous N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which may cause some diseases. , Although there are significant differences between HMOs and oligosaccharides in animal milk, they are still considered an attractive source of HMOs . Because of the large scale of the dairy industry, many byproducts of whey permeate will be produced while processing recycled whey protein, which may become a valuable low-cost source of oligosaccharides .…”

Insights into the Research Trends on Bovine Colostrum: Beneficial Health Perspectives with Special Reference to Manufacturing of Functional Foods and Feed Supplements

“…Lee et al [ 61 ] discovered the recovery of unique high-molecular-weight oligosaccharides composed of N-acetyl hexosamine in BC whey permeate. In their experiment, BC whey permeate was hydrolyzed with Aspergillus oryzae galactosidase for the removal of monosaccharides by membrane separation.…”