Discovery of natural Miscanthus (Poaceae) triploid plants in sympatric populations of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis in southern Japan

Nishiwaki, Aya; Mizuguti, Aki; Kuwabara, Shotaro; Toma, Yo; Ishigaki, Genki; Miyashita, Tomomi; Yamada, Toshihiko; Matuura, Hiroya; Yamaguchi, Sachi; Rayburn, A. Lane; Akashi, Ryo; Stewart, J. Ryan

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000258

Cited by 80 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The DNA content was measured by using FCM (Guava EasyCyte™ 12 HT Flow cytometer). Oryza sativa (1C= 0.5 pg calculated from Bennett and Smith 1976) and Miscanthus sinensis (1C= 2.65 pg calculated from Nishiwaki et al 2011) were used to calculate genome size in absolute units.…”

Section: Flow Cytometry (Fcm) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and Cytogenetic Characterizations of New Hexaploid Drosera Strains Colchicine-Induced from Triploid Hybrid of D. rotundifolia and D. spatulata

et al. 2016

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Summary An in vitro technique was connected with application to produce colchicine-induced hexaploid from the artificial-crossing triploid hybrid of Drosera rotundifolia and D. spatulata. The colchicine-treated plants of artificial-crossing triploid hybrid showed morphologically mutated characteristics. Three hexaploid strains by chromosome doubling were produced after screening of clones treated with 0.05 and 0.1% colchicine solutions for one or three days. Each of the strains had 2n=60 with 20 middle size and 40 small size chromosomes (2n=6x=20M+40S). The stomata guard cell sizes of colchicine-induced hexaploid and the wild hexaploid species D. tokaiensis were larger than that of the artificial-crossing triploid hybrid. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 2C DNA-values of D. rotundifolia (2n=2x=20M), D. spatulata (2n=4x=40S) and D. tokaiensis (2n=6x= 20M+40S) were 2.73, 1.41 and 3.74 pg, respectively. In contrast, the artificial-crossing triploid hybrid (2n=3x=10M+20S) and colchicine-induced hexaploid (2n=6x=20M+40S) were 2.31 and 4.41 pg, respectively. The genome size of the artificial-crossing triploid hybrid (2.31 pg) was nearly half the size of the colchicineinduced hexaploid (4.41 pg). Compared to the colchicine-induced hexaploid, the genome size of D. tokaiensis was unexpectedly small, even though they contained the same genome constitutions.

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Section: Flow Cytometry (Fcm) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and Cytogenetic Characterizations of New Hexaploid Drosera Strains Colchicine-Induced from Triploid Hybrid of D. rotundifolia and D. spatulata

et al. 2016

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“…The genetic identity of clones obtained mainly via rhizomes translates to high uniformity of morphological, physiological and anatomical characters, which presents a risk for agriculture, hence the imperative to create other sources of plant diversity (Lewandowski et al, 2003). In the last decade, recently established populations of M. ×giganteus that could serve as a new gene source have been found in sympatric populations of its parents in Japan (Nishiwaki et al, 2011). An alternative pathway for obtaining genetic differentiation employs biotechnological methods to modify existing genotypes by transformation or by plant multiplication in vitro via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (Lewandowski, 1999;Płażek and Dubert, 2010 and lit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Słomka¹,

Kuta²,

Płażek³

et al. 2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Miscanthus ×giganteus Greef et Deu. (Poaceae), a hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis and M. sacchariflorus native to Japan, is an ornamental and a highly lignocellulosic bioenergy crop, cultivated in the European Union as an alternative source of energy. This grass reproduces exclusively vegetatively, by rhizomes or via expensive in vitro micropropagation. The present study was aimed at finding the barriers that prevent sexual seed production, based on detailed embryological analyses of the whole generative cycle, including microsporogenesis, pollen viability, megasporogenesis, female gametophyte development, and embryo and endosperm formation. Sterility of M. ×giganteus results from abnormal development of both male and female gametophytes. Disturbed microsporogenesis (laggard chromosomes, univalents, micronuclei) was further highlighted by low pollen staining. The frequency of stainable pollen ranged from 13.9% to 55.3% depending on the pollen staining test, and no pollen germination was observed either in vitro or in planta. The wide range of pollen sizes (25.5-47.6 μm) clearly indicated unbalanced pollen grain cytology, which evidently affected pollen germination. Only 9.7% of the ovules developed normally. No zygotes nor embryos were found in any analyzed ovules. Sexual reproduction of M. ×giganteus is severely hampered by its allotriploid (2n=3x=57) nature. Hybrid sterility, a strong postzygotic barrier, prevents sexual reproduction and, therefore, seed formation in this taxon.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Miscanthus ×giganteus, allotriploid, pollen viability, female gametophyte development, sterility.

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“…Noticeably, the frequency of unreduced gamete production occurs up to 50-fold more often in hybrids between divergent genomes than in non-hybrid systems (Zhang et al 2010). Nishiwaki et al (2011) found that new, naturally derived Miscanthus (Poaceae) triploid genotypes were identified more efficiently by flowcytometry screening of seeds harvested from areas where tetraploid M. sacchariflorus F. plants grow sympatrically with diploid M. sinensis F. plants, than by random identification of triploids in the field. Triploid Arachis pintoi K. (Leguminosae) arose by autopolyploidy as evidenced by FISH and meiotic behaviour (Lavia et al 2011).…”

Section: Natural Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding triploid plants: a review

Wang¹,

Cheng²,

Zhi³

et al. 2016

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.

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Wang X., Cheng Z.-M., Zhi S., Xu F. (2016): Breeding triploid plants: a review. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 52: 41-54.Triploid plants have larger organs, greater biomass, and strong stress resistance by preserving relatively larger amounts of photosynthetic energy. The undesirable spread of non-native invasive crop and horticultural plants into natural areas can also be reduced or eliminated by the use of triploids, because they tend to be sterile and seedless. Triploid plants have great economic value and have been useful for developing new agronomic, horticultural, and forestry plant varieties. Because of rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology, triploids may become a focus of genomic research in the future, and will create unprecedented opportunities for discovering and monitoring genomic and transcriptomic changes in unbalanced genomes. One of the new trends in genomics research is to create synthetic triploid plants as materials for the study of first genomic responses that occur immediately after triploid formation. Here, we summarize recent progress in the use of triploid plants, approaches for obtaining triploid plants, including natural selection, artificial hybridization, and endosperm regeneration, the obstacles to obtain triploids, and possible ways to overcome these difficulties. This summary of the scientific progress on triploid plants will promote understanding of how they can be generated and assist plant breeders to design new strategies for triploid breeding.

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Discovery of natural Miscanthus (Poaceae) triploid plants in sympatric populations of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis in southern Japan

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Breeding and Cytogenetic Characterizations of New Hexaploid <i>Drosera</i> Strains Colchicine-Induced from Triploid Hybrid of <i>D. rotundifolia</i> and <i>D. spatulata</i>

Breeding and Cytogenetic Characterizations of New Hexaploid <i>Drosera</i> Strains Colchicine-Induced from Triploid Hybrid of <i>D. rotundifolia</i> and <i>D. spatulata</i>

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Breeding triploid plants: a review

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