Discovery of Ganymede's magnetic field by the Galileo spacecraft

Density measurements of liquid Fe‐S alloys at high‐pressure

“…As our experimental P-T conditions are directly relevant to galilean satellites such as Ganymede, this result can be applied to dynamic and structural studies of these small planetary bodies. Unless an electrolyte-rich deep ocean exists on Ganymede, the discovery of an intrinsic magnetic field by the Galileo probe [Kivelson et al, 1996] …”

Energetic particle signatures at Ganymede: Implications for Ganymede's magnetic field

“…Its two bidirectional detector heads are mounted on a stepper motor platform, and when combined with the satellite spin, provide a three-dimensional angular sampling up to a full 4,r steradians. The angular sampling used for the G2 encounter was guided by the magnetometer measurements made during the G1 encounter [Kivelson et al, 1996]. …”

Laboratory studies of the optical properties and stability of oxygen on Ganymede

“…It does not account for outdiffusion of trapped oxygen, nor the mismatch of band shapes and depths, nor an insufficient flux of bombarding ions. The latter difficulty became apparent after the discovery of a magnetic field at Ganymede by the Galileo probe [Kivelson et al, 1996[Kivelson et al, , 1997Williams et al, 1997]. This field likely prevents most of the magnetospheric ions from reaching the satellite except near polar latitudes, which is where condensed (02) 2 was not detectable.…”