“…Among these methods, CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) by photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions has attracted considerable attention due to its high environmental compatibility and mild reaction conditions. Dispersing metal atoms on special sites of host supports has been applied in CO 2 RR catalysts due to highly active atomic utilization and unsaturated coordination environments of the metal center. − Great achievements have been made in experiments and calculations with various catalysts, such as metal-phthalocyanines (M-Pcs), − porpyridinic-like M–Nx complexes, − metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), − porous organic polymers, , and zeolites. − However, the interactions between the metal center and supported materials may lead to different pathways and hence the generation of different products (CO, CH 2 O, HCOOH, CH 3 OH, CH 4 , C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 4 , etc. ), resulting in a big challenge for precise control of reduction products.…”