“…These scaffolds have diverse biological properties including anticancer, 10 antioxidant, 11 antidepressant, 12 antimicrobial, 13 anti-nociceptive, 14 anti-asthmatic, 15 anti-inflammatory, 16 anti-pyretic, 17 antileishmanial, 18 anti-coagulant, 19 anti-tubercular, 20 antiviral, 21 antibacterial, 22 antifungal, 23 antimalarial, 24 antidiabetic, 25 anti-hepatitis C virus, 26 anti-HIV, 27 anti-proliferative, 28 antiplatelet, 29 and antiplasmodial 30 activities. They are also well-known inhibitors of urease, 31 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), 32 cyclooxygenase (COX), 33 lipoxygenase (LOX), 34 monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B), 35 tubulin polymerization, 36 carbonic anhydrase, 37 α-glucosidase, 38 inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) RNase, 39 mitochondria-targeting antitumor STAT3, 40 selective cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), 41 selective aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, 42 coagulation factor XIIa (FXIIa), 43 casein kinase 2 (CK2), 44 steroid sulfatase (STS), 45 chitin synthase (CHS), 46 etc. These heterocyclic scaffolds have antagonistic behavior against chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), 47 G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35), 48 orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), 49 A 3 adenosine receptor, 50 and many others.…”