Discovery of chromium, manganese, nickel, and copper isotopes

Abstract

Twenty-seven chromium, twenty-five manganese, thirty-one nickel and twenty-six copper isotopes have so far been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.

Current status and future potential of nuclide discoveries

“…Although not impossible it is unlikely that further nuclides will exist for which characteristic resonance parameters can be measured. 63 Se not measured 35 68 Br not measured, but 69 Br unbound 36 68 Kr not measured 37 72 Rb not measured, but 73 Rb unbound 38 72 Sr not measured 39 75 Y not measured 40 77 Zr not measured 41 81 Nb Z. Janas 1999 GANIL [150] 42 82 Mo not measured 43 85 Tc Z. Janas 1999 GANIL [150] For neutron rich nuclei characteristic properties of at least two isotopes beyond the neutron dripline have been identified for the lightest elements, hydrogen, helium and lithium. Neutron rich nuclides between beryllium and magnesium which have been shown or expected to be unbound but have not been observed are listed in Table 5.…”

“…In addition to these 66 nuclides another six new nuclides ( 64 Ti, 67 V, 69 Cr, 72 Mn, 70 Cr and 75 Fe) were reported in a contribution to a conference proceeding [164].…”

Investigating the γ decay of Ni65 from particle- γ coincidence data

“…Both experimental and theoretical works have given insight into complex nuclear structure phenomena, involving single-particle [1] and collective [2] excitations. The Ni isotopic chain extends from A = 48 to A = 79, covering a wide range of neutron separation energies and including the Z = 28 and N = 28,50 shell closures [3]. The proton shell closure at Z = 28 tends to stabilize the spherical shape of the ground state between 56 Ni and 78 Ni.…”