Discovery of anti-stroke active substances in Guhong injection based on multi-phenotypic screening of zebrafish

Study on network pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba extract against ischaemic stroke mechanism and establishment of UPLC‐MS/MS methods for simultaneous determination of 19 main active components

“…The benefits of G. biloba and its preparations in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases mainly derive from the effective chemical components such as flavonoids and terpenoid lactones. In this study, through data mining and network pharmacology analysis of relevant literature, we found that the organic acid components (protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid), flavonoid components (quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, and apigenin), and terpenoid lactones (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, and ginkgolide J) had different effects such as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities, protecting the nervous system, changing blood rheology, and so on 22–50 . These components may be the potential active substance basis of its anti‐IS effect, so they were included in the scope of analysis and investigation of the active components of GBE against IS.…”

“…Quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside can inhibit the PI3K‐Akt, NF‐κB, and other signalling pathways and reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries 37–44 . The ingredients such as caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside also have anti‐oxidative, free radical‐scavenging, and anti‐apoptotic effects 22–50 . Consequently, it was deduced that anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, anti‐apoptotic, and other activities are the main anti‐IS effects of GBE.…”

“…Based on literature data mining, flavonoid‐glycosides and terpenes in G. biloba are the main components of its pharmacological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, blood circulation‐improving, and platelet anti‐aggregatory activities 22–51 . Therefore, the above ingredients were selected for the study of the active ingredients of GBE against IS, as shown in Table 1.…”

Guidelines for application of high-content screening in traditional Chinese medicine: concept, equipment, and troubleshooting

“…The availability of various transgenic zebrafish enables in vivo imaging of various zebrafish disease models. For example, our team established a thrombotic model in erythrocytes-labeled Tg(LCR:eGFP) transgenic zebrafish [47][48][49] , an angiogenesis dysfunction model in vascular endothelial cell-labeled Tg(Fli:eGFP) zebrafish [50] , a heart failure model in cardiomyocyte-labeled Tg(cmlc2: eGFP) zebrafish [51,52] , a wound-induced immune response model in macrophage-labeled Tg(mpeg:eGFP) [53,54] and neutrophil-labeled Tg(Lyz:dsRED2) zebrafish [54] , and an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model in neutrophillabeled Tg(Lyz:DsRED2) transgenic zebrafish [55] .…”

Chemical composition, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of GuHong injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke

“…Besides, the interaction between the active components of GuHong and NF-κB p65 was determined by molecular docking. GuHong and its active substances partially prevent thrombosis and ischemic stroke by regulating NF-κB mediated inflammatory responses ( Wang et al, 2022b ). According to the results of immunofluorescence and ELISA, the administration of GuHong (10 mL/kg) to mice with ischemic stroke decreased NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and regulated the content of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the damaged cortical tissue of mice with subacute stroke ( Wang et al, 2022a ).…”