Discovery of an Unusually Red L-Type Brown Dwarf

Gizis, John E.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Liu, Mengmeng; Castro, Philip J.; Shaw, John D.; Vrba, F. J.; Harris, Hugh C.; Aller, Kimberly M.; Deacon, N. R.

doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/4/94

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Samples of Ldwarfs have revealed a surprising diversity of near-IR colors (e.g., Leggett et al 2002;Knapp et al 2004;Gizis et al 2012), which are believed to be caused by variations in surface gravity and/or dusty clouds (e.g., Kirkpatrick et al 2008; or thermochemical instabilities (Tremblin et al 2016). Objects transitioning from L to T spectral types undergo a dramatic shift to bluer near-IR colors, thought to be driven by the clearing of clouds and the formation of methane (e.g., Burgasser et al 2002;Chiu et al 2006;Saumon & Marley 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3 π Survey

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Liu

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractWe present a catalog of 9888 M, L and T dwarfs detected in the Pan-STARRS13π Survey (PS1), covering threequarters of the sky. Our catalog contains nearly all known objects of spectral types L0-T2 in the PS1 field, with objects as early as M0 and as late as T9, and includes PS1, 2MASS, AllWISE, and GaiaDR1 photometry. We analyze the different types of photometry reported by PS1 and use two types in our catalog in order to maximize both depth and accuracy. Using parallaxes from the literature, we construct empirical SEDs for field ultracool dwarfs spanning 0.5-12 μm. We determine typical colors of M0-T9 dwarfs and highlight the distinctive colors of subdwarfs and young objects. We combine astrometry from PS1, 2MASS, and GaiaDR1 to calculate new proper motions for our catalog. We achieve a median precision of 2.9mas yr −1 , a factor of ≈3−10 improvement over previous large catalogs. Our catalog contains proper motions for 2405M6-T9 dwarfs and includes the largest set of homogeneous proper motions for L and T dwarfs published to date, 406objects for which there were no previous measurements, and 1176objects for which we improve upon previous literature values. We analyze the kinematics of ultracool dwarfs in our catalog and find evidence that bluer but otherwise generic late-M and Lfield dwarfs (i.e., not subdwarfs) tend to have tangential velocities higher than those of typical field objects. With the public release of the PS1 data, this survey will continue to be an essential tool for characterizing the ultracool dwarf population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3 π Survey

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Liu

et al. 2017

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“…While some young early-L dwarfs have unusually red ( ) -J K S 2MASS colors for their spectral types (e.g., Gagné et al 2015b), we note that the ( ) -J K S 2MASS colors of our Taurus discoveries (1.45 ± 0.24 mag for PSO J060.3+25, 1.11 ± 0.26 mag for PSO J077.1+24) are consistent with those of older field dwarfs with the same spectral types (Schmidt et al 2010;Faherty et al 2013). However, both PSOJ060.3+25 and PSOJ077.1 +24 have -W W 1 2 colors (Figure 3) that are s 3 redder than those of field early-L dwarfs, a common sign of low gravity (Gizis et al 2012). …”

Section: M9 L0mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs with Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius–Centaurus

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ApJ

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We present the discovery of eight young M7-L2 dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region and the ScorpiusCentaurus OB Association, serendipitously found during a wide-field search for L/T transition dwarfs using Pan-STARRS1 (optical) and WISE (mid-infrared) photometry. We identify PSOJ060.3200+25.9644 (near-infrared spectral type L1) and PSOJ077.1033+24.3809 (L2) as new members of Taurus based on their VL-G gravity classifications, the consistency of their photometry and proper motions with previously known Taurus objects, and the low probability of contamination by field objects. PSOJ077.1033+24.3809 is the coolest substellar member of Taurus found to date. Both Taurus objects are among the lowest-mass free-floating objects ever discovered, with estimated masses ≈6M Jup , and provide further evidence that isolated planetary-mass objects can form as part of normal star formation processes. PSOJ060.3200+25.9644 (a.k.a. DANCe J040116.80+255752.2) was previously identified as a likely member of the Pleiades (age » 125 Myr) based on photometry and astrometry, but its VL-G gravity classification and near-infrared photometry imply a much younger age and thus point to Taurus membership. We have also discovered six M7-L1 dwarfs in outlying regions of Scorpius-Centaurus with photometry, proper motions, and low-gravity spectral signatures consistent with membership. These objects have estimated masses ≈15-36M Jup . The M7 dwarf, PSOJ237.1470−23.1489, shows excess mid-infrared flux implying the presence of a circumstellar disk. Finally, we present catalogs of Pan-STARRS1 proper motions for low-mass members of Taurus and Upper Scorpius with median precisions of ≈3 mas yr −1 , including 67 objects with no previous proper motion and 359 measurements that improve on literature values.

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“…A young object at such high northern declination does not rule out membership in one of the young moving groups primarily located in the southern hemisphere, however, because, as one example, the AB Dor moving group is close enough and dispersed enough that the Sun is currently moving through it (see Table 5 of Zuckerman & Song 2004). Gizis et al (2012) suggest that a distance as close as 9-10 pc for WISE 0047 þ 6803 would give it a v tan value consistent with membership in the β Pic Association, implying an age of 12-40 Myr and a mass below about 15 M Jup . Our identification of this object as a low-gravity dwarf implies that such a low mass may indeed be warranted.…”

Section: Dwarfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other papers (Scholz et al 2011;Gizis et al 2011a, Gizis et al 2011bGizis et al 2012;Castro et al 2012;Luhman et al 2012) have leveraged WISE data to search for high proper motion objects via comparison to large-area data sets such as the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS; Skrutskie et al 2006) or the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; York et al 2000). Sometimes, an object that should have been found via previous color or proper motion searches can be identified for the first time, it having been missed because of unfortunate circumstances in earlier surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearby M, L, and T Dwarfs Discovered by theWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE)

Thompson¹,

Kirkpatrick²,

Mace³

et al. 2013

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

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ABSTRACT. In our effort to complete the census of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the immediate solar neighborhood, we present spectra, photometry, proper motions, and distance estimates for 42 low-mass star and brown dwarf candidates discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also present additional follow-up information on 12 candidates selected using WISE data but previously published elsewhere. The new discoveries include 15 M dwarfs, 17 L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and five objects of other types. Among these discoveries is a newly identified "unusually red L dwarf" (WISE J223527:07 þ 451140:9), four peculiar L dwarfs whose spectra are most readily explained as unresolved L þ T binary systems, and a T9 dwarf (WISE J124309:61þ 844547:8). We also show that the recently discovered red L dwarf WISEP J004701:06 þ 680352:1 may be a low-gravity object and hence young and potentially low-mass (<25 M Jup ).

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Discovery of an Unusually Red L-Type Brown Dwarf

Cited by 90 publications

References 93 publications

Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3 π Survey

Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3 π Survey

A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs with Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius–Centaurus

Nearby M, L, and T Dwarfs Discovered by theWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE)

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