Discovery of a phosphonium ionic liquid phase from the reaction of trialkylphosphines and epichlorohydrin carbonate and application as a CO2-based triphasic demulsifier of crude oil

Efficient Selective Catalytic Fixation of CO2 into Epoxide to Form Cyclic Carbonates Using Sodium Aluminate Engineered Gamma Alumina Catalyst

“…10,11 Cyclic carbonate compounds find extensive use in various eminent fields, serving as components of surfactants/emulsifiers, solvents, electrolytes, and are predominantly applicable in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, Li-ion batteries, cosmetics, and more. [12][13][14] Till today, for cyclic carbonates synthesis, few efficient non-recyclable and recyclable catalysts were reported, such as DBU, 15 ILs, 16 ligand-based catalysts, 17 organocatalysts, 18 metal complexes, 19,20 metal/mixed metal oxides, 21,22 covalent organic frameworks (COFs), 23 metal organic frameworks (MOFs), 1 porous organic polymers (POPs), 8,24 silica-based oxides, 25 carbon-supported oxides, 26,27 and so on. However, earlier reported catalysts are suffering from a few drawbacks, such as a tedious catalyst synthesis procedure, use of hazardous chemicals, a long reaction time, less stability, less catalytic activity, harsh reaction conditions, recovery, and recyclability.…”

“…Among them, cyclic carbonates have wide applications and offer a 100% atom‐economy reaction 10,11 . Cyclic carbonate compounds find extensive use in various eminent fields, serving as components of surfactants/emulsifiers, solvents, electrolytes, and are predominantly applicable in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, Li‐ion batteries, cosmetics, and more 12–14 …”

Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts

“…A variety of compounds containing multiple cyclic carbonate groups has been investigated for the synthesis of polyhydroxy urethanes (PHUs) by step-growth polymerization with polyamines leading to increasingly viable isocyanate-free routes towards traditional polyurethane replacements [29][30][31][32][33]. Other important applications of cyclic organic carbonates are as solvents [34,35], surfactants [36], demulsifiers [37], and precursors of more complex molecules [38,39]. Moreover, the fact that the catalytic cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides can be carried out by using diluted or even flue gas CO 2 [40,41] has led to the suggestion that cyclic carbonate synthesis could serve as a way to convert waste CO 2 into useful compounds, averting its atmospheric release [42,43].…”

“…Molecules 2024, 29, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 polyurethane replacements [29][30][31][32][33]. Other important applications of cyclic organic carbonates are as solvents [34,35], surfactants [36], demulsifiers [37], and precursors of more complex molecules [38,39]. Moreover, the fact that the catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides can be carried out by using diluted or even flue gas CO2 [40,41] has led to the suggestion that cyclic carbonate synthesis could serve as a way to convert waste CO2 into useful compounds, averting its atmospheric release [42,43].…”

Harnessing the Engineered 2D Triazine-Based Metal-Anchored Covalent–Organic Framework as a Catalyst for Selective Conversion of CO2 into Value-Added Products at Atmospheric Pressure

“…Among them, cycloaddition between CO 2 and epoxide to form the cyclic carbonate protocol is one of the 100% atom economy reactions . Cyclic carbonates have a wide range of applications in many sectors. , Earlier, efficient heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolites, silica, graphene oxide, metal or mixed metal oxides, , ionic liquids, porous organic polymers, metal–organic frameworks, covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), and so on reported for the same.…”