“…In a controlled experiment in Otay Mesa, California, USA, ERT successfully detected from the surface a tunnel dug through compacted soil, 11 m deep and 1.5 m in diameter (Butler, 2008 Finally, GPR is a common tool for mapping subsurface anomalies, as exemplified by the study of a mining shaft and slag pile (Avner et al, 2018), metallurgical workshops (Witten, Levy, Adams, & Won, 2000) and settlements (Novo, Vincent, & Levy, 2012). GPR is widely used in archaeological prospection and cavity detection (for examples see Chamberlain, Sellers, Proctor, & Coard, 2000;Rabbel et al, 2014) and, depending on the used frequency, can penetrate to depths of up to 40 m (Gosar, 2012). Lorenzo, Hernandez, and Cuellar (2002) can be deployed in multi 2D and even in 3D to detect the tunnel's geometry.…”