Discovery of a black smoker vent field and vent fauna at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

Pedersen, Rolf B.; Rapp, Hans Tore; Thorseth, Ingunn H.; Lilley, Marvin D.; Barriga, Fernando J.A.S.; Baumberger, Tamara; Flesland, Kristin; Fonseca, Rita; Früh-Green, Gretchen L.; Jørgensen, Steffen Leth

doi:10.1038/ncomms1124

Cited by 170 publications

(232 citation statements)

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“…In 2009, we sampled Loki´s Castle (Pedersen et al 2010a) (73°33.97 0 N and 008°09.51 0 E), Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (Vogt et al 1997) (72°00.04 0 N and 014°44.06 0 E) and a reference station (73°10.37 0 N and 008°56.52 0 E) with similar depth to Loki's Castle. Lokís Castle is a black smoker field with fluid temperatures up to 350°C, while Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano is a cold-water methane seep.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lokís Castle is a black smoker field with fluid temperatures up to 350°C, while Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano is a cold-water methane seep. In 2011, we sampled the Jan Mayen Vent Field (71°17.83 0 N and 005°46.37 0 W) (Trollveggen) (Pedersen et al 2005) with a reference station (71°17.15 0 N and 006°14.20 0 W). The Jan Mayen Vent Field consists of several high temperature white smokers with fluid temperatures of 260-270°C (Fig.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Sea water and plume chemistry have been investigated thoroughly in other studies (Pedersen et al 2005;Sauter et al 2006;Pedersen et al 2010a;Schander et al 2010;Baumberger 2011;Tandberg et al 2011;Jørgensen et al 2012;Kongsrud and Rapp 2012;Stensland 2013), and further discussion related to chemistry will therefore follow below. Five groups dominated the three different water masses (Alveolata, Rhizaria, Protozoa, Metazoa and Heterokonta), but the internal proportion within a given sample varied.…”

Section: Community Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the vents have also distinct different physical characteristics, and the Jan Mayen Vent Field has white smoker type chimneys with 270°C fluids, while the black smokers at Loki's Castle are emitting 350°C fluids (Pedersen et al 2010a, b). Furthermore, the Jan Mayen Vent Field has lower concentrations of CH 4 and H 2 compared to the high levels measured in the non-buoyant plume at Loki's Castle (Pedersen et al 2010b;Stensland 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, vent and seep systems can have a high productivity, both benthic and pelagic, compared to the surrounding water masses (Van Dover(2005) and Loki's Castle (2008); in addition, the cold seep Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano was included based on the high methane concentrations in the water column (online resource 2). Since the discovery, several studies (Pedersen et al 2005(Pedersen et al , 2010aLichtschlag et al 2010;Schander et al 2010;Baumberger 2011;Tandberg et al 2011;Jørgensen et al 2012;Kongsrud and Rapp 2012;Stensland 2013) have described the geochemistry, benthic fauna and prokaryote sediment community of both the hydrothermal vents and Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. However, the protist community in these systems remains largely undescribed despite its importance as a link towards higher trophic levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of vent systems on pelagic eukaryotic micro-organism composition in the Nordic Seas

et al. 2014

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Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are biological hot spots with chemolithotrophic bacterial production sustaining both benthic and pelagic organisms. Although efforts have been made to understand the diversity and function of the bacterial composition of these systems, first-level consumers, pelagic single cell heterotrophic organisms, which represent an important link between bacterial production and higher trophic levels, remain un-described in hydrothermal vents and seeps of the Nordic Seas. Here, we used a molecular biodiversity assay to investigate the impact of water masses and hydrothermal vents on the eukaryotic micro-organisms surrounding two vents systems, Jan Mayen Vent Field and Loki's Castle, and one cold seep, Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. The assay generated a total of 482 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on a 99 % cut-off value, and the OTUs were grouped according to taxonomic rank. Data analysis using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling with class as taxonomic entries suggested that water masses followed by depth was the dominant effect on eukaryotic micro-organism diversity. However, in one of the vent systems, Loki's Castle, the community was different compared to the reference station. Our data suggest that while the total production of vent systems is higher than the surrounding waters, the biodiversity of eukaryotic micro-organisms is more influenced by both water masses and depth.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Community Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of vent systems on pelagic eukaryotic micro-organism composition in the Nordic Seas

et al. 2014

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An authoritative global database for active submarine hydrothermal vent fields

Beaulieu

Baker

German

et al. 2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] The InterRidge Vents Database is available online as the authoritative reference for locations of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields. Here we describe the revision of the database to an open source content management system and conduct a meta-analysis of the global distribution of known active vent fields. The number of known active vent fields has almost doubled in the past decade (521 as of year 2009), with about half visually confirmed and others inferred active from physical and chemical clues. Although previously known mainly from mid-ocean ridges (MORs), active vent fields at MORs now comprise only half of the total known, with about a quarter each now known at volcanic arcs and back-arc spreading centers. Discoveries in arc and back-arc settings resulted in an increase in known vent fields within exclusive economic zones, consequently reducing the proportion known in high seas to one third. The increase in known vent fields reflects a number of factors, including increased national and commercial interests in seafloor hydrothermal deposits as mineral resources. The purpose of the database now extends beyond academic research and education and into marine policy and management, with at least 18% of known vent fields in areas granted or pending applications for mineral prospecting and 8% in marine protected areas.

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Contrasted hydrothermal activity along the South‐East Indian Ridge (130°E–140°E): From crustal to ultramafic circulation

Boulart

Briais

Chavagnac

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Using a combined approach of seafloor mapping, MAPR and CTD survey, we report evidence for active hydrothermal venting along the 1308-1408E section of the poorly-known South-East Indian Ridge (SEIR) from the Australia-Antarctic Discordance (AAD) to the George V Fracture Zone (FZ). Along the latter, we report Eh and CH 4 anomalies in the water column above a serpentinite massif, which unambiguously testify for ultramafic-related fluid flow. This is the first time that such circulation is observed on an intermediate-spreading ridge. The ridge axis itself is characterized by numerous off-axis volcanoes, suggesting a high magma supply. The water column survey indicates the presence of at least ten distinct hydrothermal plumes along the axis. The CH 4 :Mn ratios of the plumes vary from 0.37 to 0.65 denoting different underlying processes, from typical basalt-hosted to ultramafic-hosted high-temperature hydrothermal circulation. Our data suggest that the change of mantle temperature along the SEIR not only regulates the magma supply, but also the hydrothermal activity. The distribution of hydrothermal plumes from a ridge segment to another implies secondary controls such as the presence of fractures and faults along the axis or in the axial discontinuities. We conclude from these results that hydrothermal activity along the SEIR is controlled by magmatic processes at the regional scale and by the tectonics at the segment scale, which influences the type of hydrothermal circulation and leads to various chemical compositions. Such variety may impact global biogeochemical cycles, especially in the Southern Ocean where hydrothermal venting might be the only source of nutrients.

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Discovery of a black smoker vent field and vent fauna at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

Cited by 170 publications

References 34 publications

The influence of vent systems on pelagic eukaryotic micro-organism composition in the Nordic Seas

The influence of vent systems on pelagic eukaryotic micro-organism composition in the Nordic Seas

An authoritative global database for active submarine hydrothermal vent fields

Contrasted hydrothermal activity along the South‐East Indian Ridge (130°E–140°E): From crustal to ultramafic circulation

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