Discovery and Synthesis of Less Common Natural Hydroporphyrins

Singlet oxygen quantum yields from halogenated chlorins: potential new photodynamic therapy agents

“…The development of new methods for chlorins synthesis and isolation is therefore crucial in this filed. At present, the vast majority of chlorins are produced by addition reactions on ring D of porphyrins or starting from substituted pyrroles, using complex synthetic process, giving generally poor yields and complex mixtures of products [18,19]. We describe in this paper a strategy allowing the preparation of chlorins in a single step in high yields and from simple porphyrins also prepared in one step.…”

Modifications of Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for their Solubilization in Aqueous Media

“…Various new meso-tetrakispyridiniumporphyrin derivatives were prepared using a range of elecrophiles to quarternize the pyridine nitrogens (Scheme 8). Orlandi and co-workers prepared meso-tetrakis(4-pyridinium)porphyrins (31) by reaction of meso-tetra (4-pyridyl)porphyrin (30) with various benzyl chlorides to study the effect of polar alkylating groups on their antibacterial activity [71]. The benzylation conditions required were more vigorous (reflux in DMF for 24 h) than typical for pyridine alkylations using alkyl halides.…”

“…Many of these applications will greatly benefit from an inherent solubility of the porphyrins in aqueous media, i.e., not requiring any surfactants or liposome vesicles to mediate solubility. However, even though the methodologies toward synthetic porphyrins [29,30], hydroporphyrins [2,[31][32][33][34], and their analogues [34][35][36][37][38][39], have advanced enormously in the past decades, the vast majority of the synthetic porphyrinoids presented are not natively water-soluble, preventingor at least complicating-their utilization in, for example, biological contexts.…”

Methyl‐Coenzyme M Reductase and its Nickel Corphin Coenzyme F 430 in Methanogenic Archaea

“…The discovery and biosynthesis of coenzyme F 430 [47] and of other natural hydroporphyrins have been reviewed [48]. The constitution and confi guration of F 430 M in the Ni(II) oxidation state ( Figure 1) was established in a series of biosynthetic incorporation experiments with selectively labeled 13 C-δ-aminolevulinic acid, spectroscopic studies, and by crystal structure elucidation [44,[49][50][51][52][53][54].…”