Discovery and significance of tempestites and storm deposits in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, northeastern China

He, Wenyuan; Zhong, Jun; Sun, Ningliang

doi:10.3389/feart.2022.999135

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Figure 3. Model of salt lake storm deposition in the Qingshankou Formation, Gulong Sag (after [30]).…”

Section: R Peer Review 5 Of 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also closer to the value in the shales of the Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag. The variation in δ 18 O values is primarily controlled by the nature of the medium and temperature, and the intrusion of hydrothermal fluids into the deep subsurface leads to an increase in the formation temperature and enhanced thermal fractionation, which in turn leads to low δ 18 O values of calcite modified by hydrothermal fluids [30]. The carbon and oxygen isotopes are shown in Figure 12, and they all fall in the magmatic hydrothermal zone, indicating that the dolomite of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag was influenced by hydrothermal action.…”

Section: Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Dolomite Thin Layers and Nodules in the Qingshankou Formation Shale Oil Reservoir of Gulong Sag

et al. 2023

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Recently, 15.1 billion tons of shale oil geological resources were discovered in the Qingshankou Formation of Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, and this discovery has attracted considerable attention. Thus far, the sedimentary environment and diagenetic process of the Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag, particularly the reservoir space and accumulation mechanism of the shale oil, are unclear, which has seriously affected the exploration and development of shale oil. Based on detailed core and thin section observation, thin section analysis, mineral analysis, and geochemical analysis, thin layers and concretions of dolostone in Qingshankou Formation shale in Gulong Sag are studied. Three types of layers and nodules can be seen in the core and thin sections: the first is composed of very pure micrite, powdery calcite, or dolomite (dolomite greater than 90%); the second are argillaceous dolomite thin layers or nodules (dolomite content of approximately 75–90%); and the third is a highly impure dolomite thin layer (dolomite content between 50–75%). The chemical composition of three kinds of dolomite thin layers and nodules is different: the contents of CaO and MgO of the pure dolomite thin layer and nodules are more than 40%. The contents of CaO and MgO in the thin layer and nodules of argillaceous dolomite are between 30 and 40%. The content of CaO and MgO in the impure dolomite thin layers and nodules is less than 30%. The reservoir space is developed at the micron or nanometer scale in the thin dolomite layers and nodules, although most of these layers are filled with asphalt. The development of thin layers and nodules of dolomites is related to a dry and hot depositional climate and influenced by hydrothermal fluids. The findings presented here provide important information for exploiting the newly discovered shale oil resources. Many dolostone thin layers and nodules have curved silt veins, and the bending coefficient is 1.48, indicating that the dolostone thin layers and nodules have undergone compaction after formation.

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“…Figure 3. Model of salt lake storm deposition in the Qingshankou Formation, Gulong Sag (after [30]).…”

Section: R Peer Review 5 Of 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Dolomite Thin Layers and Nodules in the Qingshankou Formation Shale Oil Reservoir of Gulong Sag

et al. 2023

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Lithofacies and Shale Oil Potential of Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks in Lacustrine Basin (Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China)

Sun

Zhong

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Shale oil has become a global hotspot of unconventional exploration and development. In this study, the latest drill core and experiment analyses of the Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin were used to evaluate its lithofacies classification, sedimentary environment, pore types, pore-throat structure characterization, and shale oil potential. Lithofacies classification was determined according to the total organic carbon (TOC) content, sedimentary structure, and rock mineral content. Laminae genesis and micro-sedimentary structures indicate the deposition of fine-grained sedimentary rocks (FGSRs) in a semi-deep to deep lacustrine environment; however, evidence also suggests partial reworking by storm events and bottom current flows. FGSRs mostly comprise type I kerogen, with small amounts of type II1. The average vitrinite reflectance of the FGSRs was 1.37%, indicating middle to high stages of thermal maturation within the oil generation window. The N2 adsorption experiment indicated that silty mudstone (SM), silty fine mixed sedimentary rock (SFMR), and argillaceous fine mixed sedimentary rock (AFMR) had ink-bottle-shaped and slit-shaped pores, and the lithofacies were dominated by mesopores, accounting for 77.4%, 71.9%, and 80.8% of the total pore volume, respectively. Mercury injection capillary pressure analysis indicated that SM and SFMR had an average pore-throat radius of 0.01–0.04 μm, whereas AFMR and CM were dominated by nanopores, mainly distributed in the range of 0.004–0.0063 μm. Based on the comprehensive studies of TOC content, pore development, and brittleness, we concluded that organic-rich laminated SM and SFMR should be the focus of shale oil exploration of the Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin, followed by organic-rich or organic-moderate laminated and layered AFMR, as well as calcareous fine mixed sedimentary rocks.

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Discovery and significance of tempestites and storm deposits in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, northeastern China

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Study on Dolomite Thin Layers and Nodules in the Qingshankou Formation Shale Oil Reservoir of Gulong Sag

Study on Dolomite Thin Layers and Nodules in the Qingshankou Formation Shale Oil Reservoir of Gulong Sag

Lithofacies and Shale Oil Potential of Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks in Lacustrine Basin (Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China)

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