Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance

Silver, Lynn L.; Bostian, Keith A.

doi:10.1128/aac.37.3.377

Cited by 204 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Abuse of antibiotics and the existence of residual antibiotics in the environment have been linked with the formation of antibiotic resistance (Boxall et al, 2003;Silver and Bostian, 1993). The occurrences of several kinds of antibiotics like macrolides and sulfonamides have been reported in many environmental samples such as municipal wastewater (McArdell et al, 2003), surface water, groundwater (Batt and Aga, 2005), sludge and sediments (Lindberg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tTo investigate the fate of penicillin G (PEN G) in the wastewater from a PEN G production facility and the receiving river, an analytical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of PEN G and five degradation products using liquid chromatography-electros- were found to be penilloic acid, penicilloic acid and isopenillic acid, which occupied 65.8%, 20.4% and 12.9%, respectively, of the total concentration at the last site. This is the first study on the behaviors of PEN G and its main degradation products in wastewater treatment processes and the aquatic environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

et al. 2008

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“…Despite the existence of conventional antimicrobial agents, resistant or multi-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms are continuously appearing, imposing the need for a thorough search for and development of new drugs (Silver and Bostian, 1993). Fungi and bacteria cause important human and animal diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and commonly occur in immunocompromised or immunodeficient patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antimicrobial compounds by bioautography of different extracts of leaves of selected South African tree species

Сулейман¹,

McGaw²,

Naidoo³

et al. 2010

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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The hexane, acetone, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl. ) test organisms included bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum canis and Sporothrix schenckii).A simple bioautographic procedure, involving spraying suspensions of the bacteria or fungi on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates developed in solvents of varying polarities was used to detect the number of antibacterial and antifungal compounds present in the extracts. All the extracts had antimicrobial activity against at least one of the test microorganisms. This activity was denoted by white spots against a red-purple background on the TLC plates after spraying with tetrazolium violet. Twenty seven TLC plates; 9 for each solvent system and 3 different solvent systems per organism were tested in the bioautographic procedure. Of the bacteria tested, S. aureus was inhibited by the most compounds separated on the TLC plates from all the tested plants. Similarly, growth of the fungus C. neoformans was also inhibited by many compounds present in the extracts. Loxostylis alata appeared to be the plant extract with the highest number of inhibition bands when compared with other plants tested against both bacteria and fungi. This species was selected for in depth further study.Key words: Bioautography; Medicinal plants; Antifungal; Antibacterial; Synergism IntroductionDespite the existence of conventional antimicrobial agents, resistant or multi-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms are continuously appearing, imposing the need for a thorough search for and development of new drugs (Silver and Bostian, 1993). Fungi and bacteria cause important human and animal diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and commonly occur in immunocompromised or immunodeficient patients. Over the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in plants; and the pharmaceutical industry considers plants as a viable option for the discovery of new leads (Soejarto, 1996). In fact, it is also estimated that natural products are implicated in the development of 44% of all new drugs, generally as leads for the preparation of semi-synthetic derivatives (Hostettmann et al., 2001).In an effort to discover new lead compounds, many research groups screen plant extracts to detect secondary metabolites with relevant biological activities. In this regard, several bioassays were developed for screening purposes (Hostettmann, 1991).Once the technique has been mastered, bioautography is a highly efficacious assay for the detection of antimicrobial compounds because it allows localization of activity even in a complex matrix, and therefore facilitates the target-directed isolation of the active constituents (Rahalison et al., 1991). Bioautography has enabled rapid progress for quick detection of new antimicrobial compounds from plants and othe...

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“…However, despite the existence of potent antibiotic and antifungal agents, resistant or multiresistant strains are continuously appearing, imposing the need for a permanent search and development of new drugs (Silver, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Potential of Leaf juice and Extracts of Moringa oleifera lam against some Human pathogenic Bacteria

Onuoha¹

2013

IOSR-JPBS

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Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance

Cited by 204 publications

References 48 publications

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

Detection of antimicrobial compounds by bioautography of different extracts of leaves of selected South African tree species

Antimicrobial Potential of Leaf juice and Extracts of Moringa oleifera lam against some Human pathogenic Bacteria

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