“…We here enumerate the genes within our subset of genes that have been identified previously as associated with COVID. ATP5F1A (Guarnieri et al, 2022), IGHV6-1 (Yang et al, 2022), ACTG1 (Yuka and Yilmaz, 2021), GDI2 (Lata et al, 2022), IGLV1-51 (Zhao et al, 2021) and PKM (Qi et al, 2021)) for the naĂŻve B cells in moderately ill patients; IFITM1 (Arefinia et al, 2023), IGHV6-1 (Yang et al, 2022) and S100A8 (Mellett and Khader, 2022) for the naive B cells in critically ill patients; PSME2 (Alfaro et al, 2022), IGKC (Momeni et al, 2023), PMAIP1 (Park and Lee, 2020), DDX21 (Henriques-Pons et al, 2022), EIF2AK2 (Melnichuk et al, 2022) and CD27 (Wen et al, 2020) for the unswitched memory B cells in moderately ill patients; and DDX21 (Henriques-Pons et al, 2022), IGKC (Momeni et al, 2023), COX6A1 (Mukund et al, 2021), CD27 (Wen et al, 2020) and RHOA (Khatoon et al, 2020) for the unswitched memory B cells in critically ill patients. The significant number of genes with a potential link to the disease highlights the valuable biological insights gained from a DD analysis, beyond those obtained with a conventional DE analysis.…”