Discovering the Clinical and Prognostic Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Values on Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

A newly introduced pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) was not evaluated for its role in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, the PIV was calculated with the following equation (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count from the results of the automated hematology analyzers in 853 OSCC patients from 2005 to 2017. The optimal cutoff for the preoperative PIV was 268, as determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve. Significant differences were observed for alcohol consumption, smoking, pT status, pN status, overall pathological status, extranodal extension, cell differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion between higher and lower PIV patients (all p values < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier and univariate regression analyses indicated that higher PIV was associated with worse overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival (all p values < 0.001). Multivariate analyses adjusted by various factors further demonstrated that PIV was an independent prognostic factor for overall and distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.027, HR: 1.281 and p = 0.031, HR: 1.274, respectively). In conclusion, a higher PIV level was associated with poor clinicopathological factors in OSCC patients and could be used to predict poor posttreatment outcomes, especially for overall and distant metastasis-free survival.

The Concordant Disruption of B7/CD28 Immune Regulators Predicts the Prognosis of Oral Carcinomas

“…However, B memory and M0 macrophages increased in HNSCC tumors, and resting NK cells increased in OSCC tumors during tumor progression. Although neck nodal metastasis is a key paradigm for accurate prognostic prediction [ 1 ], the functional significance underlying such discrepancies in the immune cell population during tumor metastasis requires further research.…”

“…Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), occurring on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, pharynx, and larynx, is the sixth most common malignancy in the world [ 1 , 2 ]. Chemical carcinogenic exposure (including smoking and drinking) and HPV infection are the main causes of HNSCC.…”

“…Chemical carcinogenic exposure (including smoking and drinking) and HPV infection are the main causes of HNSCC. Among Asians, betel chewing is an additional oral habit that predisposes individuals to a higher risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [ 1 ]. Although the survival of HNSCC patients has been remarkably improved due to advances in treatment, resistance to drugs, relapse, and metastasis are still crucial factors affecting the outcomes of treatments.…”

Host-related indexes in head and neck cancer

“…Peripheral blood leukocytes have been the parameters with more publications, mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes, but an increasing number of publications have shown the prognostic capacity of monocytes [4–7,11 ▪▪ ,12,13 ▪▪ ,19,23–26]. The idea behind this is that neutrophils and monocytes would act as surrogate markers of a protumoral inflammatory status, therefore, a higher count of neutrophils and monocytes would be associated with a worse prognosis.…”

“…Multiple authors have shown how patient variables such as age and comorbidities can influence outcomes [1,2]. But interestingly, there has been an increasing interest in using peripheral blood factors such as leukocytes, albumin or hemoglobin as surrogates of the host status in head and neck cancer patients [3–9,10 ▪▪ ,11 ▪▪ ,12,13 ▪▪ ,14–22]. Generally, these variables are gathered prior to treatment initiation.…”