“…Despite this, combining the two media does not necessarily become a solution in learning. Some researchers remain in the opinion that concrete media is better than virtual media (Flint, 2011;Fuchigami et al, 2016;Niece, 2019;Scalfani & Vaid, 2014;Holly K. Schiltz & Oliver-Hoyo, 2012;Silva & Ribeiro, 2017) or vice versa, the use of virtual media is better than concrete media (Anggriawan et al, 2017;Antonoglou et al, 2011;Barrett et al, 2015;Cass et al, 2005;Stull et al, 2013). Barrett et al (2015) proposed that aspects of the types of material being taught need to be considered in comparing the effectiveness of using concrete media and virtual media, for example, in previous studies (see Abraham et al, 2010;Al-Balushi & Al-Hajri, 2014;Barrett et al, 2015;Fjeld et al, 2007;Stull et al, 2013;Stull & Hegarty, 2016) focusing on organic chemistry, students learn to manipulate and control variables or run experimental simulations using concrete or virtual media.…”