Discovering oxidative potential (OP) drivers of atmospheric PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 simultaneously in North-Eastern Spain

Source apportionment of oxidative potential depends on the choice of the assay: insights into 5 protocols comparison and implications for mitigation measures

“…The average values of OP AA v obtained in our study are in the same range as those observed in urban sites in Switzerland (4.1–1.7 nmol min −1 m −3 ) 61 and urban areas in France (2.3–1.0 nmol min −1 m −3 ), 33 or in Spain (1.9 nmol min −1 m −3 ). 62…”

“…The average values of OP AA v obtained in our study are in the same range as those observed in urban sites in Switzerland (4.1-1.7 nmol min −1 m −3 ) 61 and urban areas in France (2.3-1.0 nmol min −1 m −3 ), 33 or in Spain (1.9 nmol min −1 m −3 ). 62 Average values for OP DTT v obtained in the cold and warm months were 1.92 ± 1.31 and 1.46 ± 0.71 nmol min −1 m −3 , respectively. The mean values of OP DTT v observed in this study are within the range of those measured in similar studies in urban valleys in France (Chamonix = 2.3 and Marnaz = 1.8 nmol min −1 m −3 , 33 ) or in a Swiss urban site (Bern = 2.9 nmolmin −1 m −3 ).…”

Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Sources Driving Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Ne Spain

“…The MSY station is located 40 km from the Mediterranean coast and 50 km to the N-NE of Barcelona. It has been demonstrated to be representative of the regional ambient background and is sufficiently elevated and distant from specific urban anthropogenic emission sources (Cusack et al, 2012;in 't Veld et al, 2023;in 't Veld et al, 2021;Pandolfi et al, 2016;Pandolfi et al, 2014;Pérez et al, 2008;Pey et al, 2009;Ripoll et al, 2015), although the station may be impacted by emissions from urban and industrial areas during anticyclonic atmospheric conditions due to wind circulation (Ealo et al, 2018;Gangoiti et al, 2001;Millán et al, 2002;Millán et al, 1997;Pandolfi et al, 2016;Pandolfi et al, 2013). The second station is an urban background air quality station (hereafter BCN; 41 • 23′14.5"N 2 • 06′55.6″E; 68 m asl) located at the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) in Barcelona.…”

“…The second station is an urban background air quality station (hereafter BCN; 41 • 23′14.5"N 2 • 06′55.6″E; 68 m asl) located at the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) in Barcelona. It is positioned adjacent to Diagonal Avenue, one of the city's main roads, and is flanked by a variety of commercial activities (Amato et al, 2009;Cusack et al, 2012;in 't Veld et al, 2023;in 't Veld et al, 2021;Pandolfi et al, 2016;Pandolfi et al, 2014;Pérez et al, 2008;Pey et al, 2009;Querol et al, 2014, Querol et al, 2004aRipoll et al, 2015). At both measurement sites, an aethalometer (Magee Scientific, USA, model AE33) was used to quantify the aerosol light absorption coefficient at seven different wavelengths (370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm) and the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) (Drinovec et al, 2015).…”

“…A multisite PMF produces more robust results and can obtain source profiles common to both sites, thus allowing a direct comparison between the two stations. This has not been previously done for VOC measurements in the study area but has been successfully applied to the chemical speciation of particulate matter (in 't Veld et al, 2023;in 't Veld et al, 2021;Pandolfi et al, 2016). However, we also acknowledge the limitations of this analysis stemming from the physical distance between the two stations, possible differences in local source types and their magnitude, and different chemical profiles for the same types of sources (Escrig et al, 2009).…”