Discovering emergency call pitfalls for cellular networks with formal methods

Hou, Kaiyu; Li, You; Yu, Yinbo; Chen, Yan; Zhou, Hai

doi:10.1145/3458864.3466625

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This link could be hindered by handovers or redirections, particularly in regions where LTE networks are not available, thus affecting the effectiveness of E911. Emerging networks and the deployment of LTE or 5G technologies make this matter important [6]. Specifically, these issues have to be addressed as we strive to ensure that the E911 calls remain safe under any network conditions or technology adopted by a network operator.…”

Section: Location and Mobility Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Network Reliability Following Emergency (E911) Calls

Patel,

Patel

2024

IJCE

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Purpose: In this research, the purpose is to explore E911 call reliability requirements, study real-world issues related to telecommunication networks transitioning from LTE to 5G (NR) and WCDMA, and present network optimization solutions. The primary objective is to ensure the continuous supply of emergency services and improve the dependability of Enhanced 911 (E911) calls. Methodology: The research methodology involves an examination of the transition from LTE to 5G (NR) and WCDMA in telecommunication networks. The study delves into government-mandated E911 call reliability requirements and conducts a detailed analysis of two real-world issues affecting tight connectivity for E911 calls. Additionally, the research proposes network optimization solutions to address these challenges and enhance the overall reliability of emergency services. Findings: The findings of this research reveal insights into government-mandated E911 call reliability requirements and identify two practical issues affecting the continuity of emergency services during the transition from LTE to 5G (NR) and WCDMA. Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: The study presents network optimization solutions aimed at overcoming these challenges, with the ultimate goal of improving the dependability of E911 calls and enhancing public safety.

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Section: Location and Mobility Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Network Reliability Following Emergency (E911) Calls

Patel,

Patel

2024

IJCE

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“…As a consequence, an accurate presentation of all attacker's capabilities is missing, as in this work we have unearthed multiple attacks, network setup cases, and warning messages on 5G. Finally, work has been conducted to assess emergency call resilience against DoS/DDoS [18,32,36]. 5G Security Studies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

You have been warned: Abusing 5G's Warning and Emergency Systems

Bitsikas,

Pöpper

2022

Preprint

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The Public Warning System (PWS) is an essential part of cellular networks and a country's civil protection. Warnings can notify users of hazardous events (e. g., floods, earthquakes) and crucial national matters that require immediate attention. PWS attacks disseminating fake warnings or concealing precarious events can have a serious impact, causing fraud, panic, physical harm, or unrest to users within an affected area. In this work, we conduct the first comprehensive investigation of PWS security in 5G networks. We demonstrate five practical attacks that may impact the security of 5G-based Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) as well as Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) alerts. Additional to identifying the vulnerabilities, we investigate two PWS spoofing and three PWS suppression attacks, with or without a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacker. We discover that MitM-based attacks have more severe impact than their non-MitM counterparts. Our PWS barring attack is an effective technique to eliminate legitimate warning messages. We perform a rigorous analysis of the roaming aspect of the PWS, incl. its potentially secure version, and report the implications of our attacks on other emergency features (e. g., 911 SIP calls). We discuss possible countermeasures and note that eradicating the attacks necessitates a scrupulous reevaluation of the PWS design and a secure implementation.

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“…In the existing research, the application of formal methods, especially the application of model checking in cellular networks, [12] mainly focus on verifying various network protocols. [13][14][15] In fact, actual network traffic data have rich spatio-temporal information, and some functions and performances of cellular networks are subject to the actual distribution of traffic. The idea of using the spatio-temporal model checking for the analysis of the relation between network traffic and communication resource is relatively recent.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identify spatio-temporal properties of network traffic in cellular network by model checking

Yuan

Niu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cellular networks have been widely deployed and are under ever-growing communication pressure. Detecting traffic hotspots or other essential characteristics of network traffic distributions can help to adjust the base station control strategies of networks to save energy. Generally, existing approaches detect these characteristics by data analysis techniques, making the detection process generally inefficient and not automatic. Moreover, those approaches are also difficult to describe the dynamic spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of network traffics. In this paper, we propose a novel modeling and analysis approach by applying the spatio-temporal model checking technique to the detection of network traffic characteristics. First, we model the spatio-temporal evolution process of cellular network traffic by closure space model. Second, we give the logical characterizations of detection requirements by suitable Spatio-Temporal Logic of Closure Space (STLCS) formulas. Third, we verify the spatio-temporal properties in the closure space model by model checking algorithms. The experiments are illustrated on the Milan network traffic dataset and indicate that our approach can automatically and effectively detect desirable spatio-temporal properties of cellular network traffic.

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Discovering emergency call pitfalls for cellular networks with formal methods

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Enhanced Network Reliability Following Emergency (E911) Calls

Enhanced Network Reliability Following Emergency (E911) Calls

You have been warned: Abusing 5G's Warning and Emergency Systems

Identify spatio-temporal properties of network traffic in cellular network by model checking

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