Discovering ‘buried’ channels of the Palaeo-Yamuna river in NW India using geophysical evidence: Implications for major drainage reorganization and linkage to the Harappan Civilization

Khan, Imran; Sinha, Rajiv

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.05.017

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study focuses on the northwestern region of India, which is part of the Indo-Gangetic foreland basin and is fed by the Sutlej River in the west and the Yamuna River in the east of the study area (Figure 1(a)). Recent studies have identified sediment deposits in the study area that were sourced from the Yamuna and Sutlej catchments (Clift et al, 2012; Singh et al, 2017), and geophysical profiles have verified the existence of large paleochannels within the subsurface (Khan and Sinha, 2019; Sinha et al, 2013). The alluvial aquifers in this study area are formed by sediments eroded from the Himalaya and redistributed by the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers, forming two major sedimentary fan systems (Geddes, 1960; Singh et al, 2016; Van Dijk et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India

Dijk

Densmore

Jackson

et al. 2019

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Unsustainable exploitation of groundwater in northwestern India has led to extreme but spatially variable depletion of the alluvial aquifer system in the region. Mitigation and management of groundwater resources require an understanding of the drivers behind the pattern and magnitude of groundwater depletion, but a regional perspective on these drivers has been lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) understand the extent to which the observed pattern of groundwater level change can be explained by the drivers of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, abstraction, and canal irrigation, and (2) understand how the impacts of these drivers may vary depending on the underlying geological heterogeneity of the system. We used a transfer function-noise (TFN) time series approach to quantify the effect of the various driver components in the period 1974–2010, based on predefined impulse response functions ( θ). The dynamic response to abstraction, summarized by the zeroth moment of the response M0, is spatially variable but is generally large across the proximal and middle parts of the study area, particularly where abstraction is high but alluvial aquifer bodies are less abundant. In contrast, the precipitation response is rapid and fairly uniform across the study area. At larger distances from the Himalayan front, observed groundwater level rise can be explained predominantly by canal irrigation. We conclude that the geological heterogeneity of the aquifer system, which is imposed by the geomorphic setting, affects the response of the aquifer system to the imposed drivers. This heterogeneity thus provides a useful framework that can guide mitigation efforts; for example, efforts to decrease abstraction rates should be focused on areas with thinner and less abundant aquifer bodies.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India

Dijk

Densmore

Jackson

et al. 2019

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…With the help of the 2-D resistivity tomography dataset, the presence of the buried channels can be easily detected (Kumar, Mondal, Sarma, & Sen, 2012) (Figure 3). The large-scale geometry and architecture of the paleochannel system along the Ghaggar river north-west India were mapped with the electrical resistivity soundings (Khan & Sinha, 2019;Sinha, Yadav, Gupta, Singh, & Lahiri, 2013). The large dimensions of these paleochannel bodies imply deposits of a large river system.…”

Section: Geophysical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation and mapping of palaeochannels using remote sensing, geophysical, and sedimentological techniques: A comprehensive approach

Upadhyay

Sharma

2021

Water Science

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Palaeochannels are remnants of rivers or stream channels that flowed in the past and have been currently filled or buried by younger fluviatile sediments. There are a number of techniques for detecting palaeochannels with each of them having its own intrinsic advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, apart from applying different approaches, the capabilities, and effectiveness of the approaches to locate and map palaeochannels are compared. Remote sensing-based approaches are comprised of high-resolution satellite datasets and a LiDARderived elevation map for displaying extensive drainage networks of surface feature channels hypothesized to be palaeochannels, palaeorivers, or palaeovalleys. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) transects along with concurrent visual observations are ground-truthing field approaches and has proved to be one of the most appropriate and accurate methods for locating palaeochannels due to their capability to identify subsurface sedimentary stratigraphy innate to palaeochannels. Nevertheless, visual field observations for ground-truthing of prospective palaeochnnels either exhibiting only subtle alterations in desiccation or vegetation are considered a potent field approach. The present review work lays a strong emphasis on delineation and mapping of palaeochannels using remote sensing, geophysical, and sedimentological techniques to meet the sustainable groundwater development goals.

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“…Among the many possible objects to detect, airports, ports, oil depots, ships, and airplane are usually key concerns. The recognition of such objects can be used for airport flight analysis and adjustment, for assistance to rescue ships in distress, for port and maritime traffic monitoring, and it can also provide data for urban planning (Zhong et al, 2018, Hua et al, 2020, Khan et al, 2019, Orengo et al, 2017, Hu et al, 2019. It also plays an important role in modern military systems, providing information for combat deployment, for monitoring the dynamics of airports, ports, and sea areas, and for analyzing the enemy combat strength (Wu et al, 2020, Bachagha et al, 2020, Melillos et al, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrary-angle bounding box based location for object detection in remote sensing image

Sun

Liu

et al. 2021

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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Object location is a fundamental yet challenging problem in object detection. In the remote sensing image, different imaging projection directions make the same object have various rotation angles, and in some scenes, the object distribution is relatively dense. Most of the existing deep learning-based object detection algorithms utilize horizontal bounding box to locate objects, which causes inaccurate location of the objects with dense distribution or arbitrary direction, thus leading to the detection misses. In this paper, we propose an arbitraryangle bounding box based object location and embed it into the Faster R-CNN, developing a new framework called Rotated Faster R-CNN (R-FRCNN) for object detection in remote sensing image. In R-FRCNN, we specially improve anchor ratios to adapt to the objects like ship with large aspect ratio and increase the weights of the horizontal bounding box regression to reduce the interference of the arbitrary-angle bounding box on the horizontal bounding box prediction. Comprehensive experiments on a public dataset and a self-assembled dataset (which we make publically available) show the superior performance of our method compared to standalone state-of-the-art object detectors.

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Discovering ‘buried’ channels of the Palaeo-Yamuna river in NW India using geophysical evidence: Implications for major drainage reorganization and linkage to the Harappan Civilization

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India

Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India

Delineation and mapping of palaeochannels using remote sensing, geophysical, and sedimentological techniques: A comprehensive approach

Arbitrary-angle bounding box based location for object detection in remote sensing image

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