Discoveries in the Human Brain

Marshall, Louise H.; Magoun, H. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4997-7

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Ablation of this structure in a variety of animals produced profound impairments of coordination, even in the absence of weakness (Dalton, 1861; Fine et al, 2002; Flourens, 1824; Marshall and Magoun, 1997). Similarly, early descriptions of individuals with lesions of the cerebellum focused on the decomposition of multijoint movements (Babinski, 1896; 1902) and abnormalities in the regularity, rate, and force of muscle activations (Holmes, 1939), a constellation of symptoms now referred to as cerebellar ataxia.…”

Section: The Cerebellum and Error-based Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement Learning

Taylor

Ivry

2014

Progress in Brain Research

179

190

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Traditionally, motor learning has been studied as an implicit learning process, one in which movement errors are used to improve performance in a continuous, gradual manner. The cerebellum figures prominently in this literature given well-established ideas about the role of this system in error-based learning and the production of automatized skills. Recent developments have brought into focus the relevance of multiple learning mechanisms for sensorimotor learning. These include processes involving repetition, reinforcement learning, and strategy utilization. We examine these developments, considering their implications for understanding cerebellar function and how this structure interacts with other neural systems to support motor learning. Converging lines of evidence from behavioral, computational, and neuropsychological studies suggest a fundamental distinction between processes that use error information to improve action execution or action selection. While the cerebellum is clearly linked to the former, its role in the latter remains an open question.

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Section: The Cerebellum and Error-based Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement Learning

Taylor

Ivry

2014

Progress in Brain Research

179

190

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“…Several Nobel prizes have consecrated these fundamental discoveries. While scientific psychology was investigating brain functions from the ''outside'', new techniques based on solid anatomical descriptions of rodent and human brains allowed researchers to localize functions from the ''inside'' [2]. Precise stereotaxic approaches of selective regions with electrodes for stimulation of lesions, or with cannulae for local chemical administration allowed researchers to investigate in more detail the physiology and pathophysiology of the central neurons system [3,4].…”

Section: Modern Neuroscience and Its Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stenon was reminding his colleagues that the main problem was methodological: how to dissect this mollusk-like organ and how to denominate what was observed. Stenon has also been credited to have distinguished white matter from grey matter, but it would take time before the nervous system could be dissected: formaldehyde would be discovered only in 1859 and the identification of neurons by adequate staining only at the end of the 19th century [2][3][4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sciences of the brain: The long road to scientific maturity and to present-day reductionism

Moal

Swendsen

2015

Comptes Rendus. Biologies

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When examined in a long-term perspective, brain sciences demonstrate certain conceptual consistencies as well as theoretical oppositions that have lasted for centuries, ever since Ancient Greece. The neurosciences have progressed more on the basis of technological than conceptual advances, and the constant recuperation of new techniques from other sciences have led to a continually reductionist view of the brain and its functions. In a different perspective, if not opposite to the reductionism, are the psychological constructs and those that constitute the functional unity of individuals, which are still mysterious. In fact, the gap between these two approaches has never been larger than it is now. This chapter discusses the enduring nature of some of these problems and their recent consequences.

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“…Another technique leading to the advancement of knowledge of hippocampal anatomy was that of the French anatomist Raymond Vieussens (1635–1715), who reintroduced nerve fiber dissection, which had initially been used in the 17th century by the English anatomist Thomas Willis (1621–1675) and the Danish anatomist and bishop Nicholaus Stensen (1638–1686) (Vieussens, ; Marshall and Magoun, ). This technique helped Vieussens identify the multiple neuroanatomical structures for the first time, which he published in 1685 in a brain atlas called Neurographia Universalis (Vieussens, ; Türe, ).…”

Section: Fimbriamentioning

confidence: 99%

An unwritten anatomy lesson: The influence of Roman clothing on neuroanatomical terminology: In memoriam Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. (1932–2016)

Turliuc

Cucu

et al. 2016

Clinical Anatomy

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Throughout the centuries, anatomists attempting to denominate the new structures they discovered have found inspiration in the civilization of ancient Rome and the clothing worn by its citizens. This aricle presents the origins of seven neuroanatomical terms, fimbria, velum, funiculus, lemniscus, corona, splenium, and cingulum, inspired by the clothing and jewellery of Roman women and the military attire of Roman soldiers. Thus, through their apparel, the Romans influenced the Terminologia Anatomica and "clothed" the structures of the brain and spinal cord, making them immortal. Clin. Anat. 29:685-690, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Discoveries in the Human Brain

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement Learning

Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement Learning

Sciences of the brain: The long road to scientific maturity and to present-day reductionism

An unwritten anatomy lesson: The influence of Roman clothing on neuroanatomical terminology: In memoriam Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. (1932–2016)

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