Discourses on gender and sexuality

Wells, Scott; Yao, Ping

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139059251.009

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Puritanical values appear to have increased in ancient Rome between the late Republic and the early Empire (Duby, Pantel, Thébaud, & Perrot, 1994;Norena, 2007;Rousselle, 2013;Veyne, 1978; see also . In China, although bodily pleasures appear less restricted in antiquity (Goldin, 2017;Hinsch, 1994;Wells & Yao, 2018), starting with the Tang and continuing through the Song, the Yuan, the Ming, and the Qing, selfdiscipline, bodily pleasures, and asceticism are increasingly moralized (Benn, 2005;Sommer, 2000;Suiming, 1998;Wells & Yao, 2018;Yü, 2021). In medieval Europe, historical work similarly documents an increasingly strict policing of lack of self-control, sexual misconducts, alcohol consumption, and lax religious observance, culminating in the moralistic religious movements of the early modern period (Burke, 1978;Ingram, 1990Ingram, , 1996.…”

Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purity is still a problem

DiMaggio,

Gray,

Kachanoff

2023

Behav Brain Sci

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Our recent review demonstrates that “purity” is a messy construct with at least nine popular scientific understandings. Cultural beliefs about self-control help unify some of these understandings, but much messiness remains. The harm-centric theory of dyadic morality suggests that purity violations can be comprehensively understood as abstract harms, acts perceived by some people (and not others) to indirectly cause suffering.

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Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purity is still a problem

DiMaggio,

Gray,

Kachanoff

2023

Behav Brain Sci

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“…Puritanical values appear to have increased in Ancient Rome between the late Republic and the early Empire (Duby et al, 1994;Norena, 2007;Rousselle, 2013;Veyne, 1978; see also Gaca, 2003). In China, while bodily pleasures appear less restricted in Antiquity (Goldin, 2017;Hinsch, 1994;Wells & Yao, 2015), starting with the Tang and continuing through the Song, the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing, selfdiscipline, bodily pleasures, asceticism are increasingly moralized (Benn, 2005;Sommer, 2000;Suiming, 1998;Wells & Yao, 2015;Yü, 2021). In medieval Europe, historical work similarly documents an increasingly strict policing of lack of self-control, sexual misconducts, alcohol consumption, and lax religious observance, culminating in the moralistic religious movements of the Early Modern period (Burke, 1978;Ingram, 1990Ingram, , 1996Martin, 2009;McIntosh, 2002).…”

Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral disciplining: The cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality

Fitouchi

André²,

Baumard³

2022

Behav Brain Sci

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Why do many human societies morally condemn apparently victimless and pleasurable behaviors, such as lust, gluttony, drinking, drugs, gambling, or even music and dance? Why do they morally praise temperance, chastity, sobriety, decency, and piety? While this puritanical morality often appears as an exception to the cooperative function of moral cognition, we propose that it stems, like other moral concerns, from moral judgements targeting cooperative challenges. Specifically, we propose that it consists of preemptive moralizations of behaviors perceived as risk factors for uncooperative self-control failures, impeding people's ability to resist the short-term temptations naturally conflicting with cooperative motivations.

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“…But while this might appeal to a fashionable Zeitgeist, it does not faithfully render the Chinese wording and emic perspective. (General overviews of the feld include Wile 2018, Wells and Yao Ping 2015and Yao Ping 2015. For insights into the reception process and hybrid popularisations, see Rocha 2011Rocha , 2012Chapters 25 and 26 in this volume.…”

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confidence: 99%

The sexual body techniques of early and medieval China – underlying emic theories and basic methods of a non-reproductive sexual scenario for non-same-sex partners

Pfister¹

2022

Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine

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The sexual body techniques of early and medieval China are treated heuristically to form a sexual scenario for non-same-sex partners that is discussed in (1) textual sources dating from approximately 200 BCE to 1000 CE. These texts were transmitted and reformulated throughout this period as part of the wider sexual knowledge culture of imperial China (Wells and Yao Ping 2015; Yao Ping 2018). Minimal referential series of short extracts taken from such primary sources will be presented in a historical order to illustrate some fairly consistent basic ideas, concepts, theories and practical advice documented therein.This concise review discusses (2) general aspects of the sexual scenario of early and medieval China in which gender-specifc roles during the sexual encounter must be emphasised. As 'essence' is considered to be the most precious generative fuid in the human body, men are advised to (3) deal with male essence as a scarce good, and thus learn to avoid emission and ejaculation during a sexual encounter. In stark contrast to this male preoccupation with containment, women are thought to be a superior source of nourishment. (4) Repeated female ejaculation provides the 'female essence' that can be absorbed by the man. (5) Performing a sexual encounter means mutual stimulation to this end during foreplay and onset phase, followed by a series of penetrative 'advances' with 'intermissions', and culminating in a 'grand fnale'. Textual sources to a sexual knowledge culture, 200 BCE to 1000 CETangible textual evidence for sexual body techniques comes early in China -about fve hundred years before the Indian Kāmasūtra, which is considered to date from circa 300 CE

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Discourses on gender and sexuality

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Purity is still a problem

Purity is still a problem

Moral disciplining: The cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality

The sexual body techniques of early and medieval China – underlying emic theories and basic methods of a non-reproductive sexual scenario for non-same-sex partners

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