Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders

Abstract

This article presents a review of work that my colleagues and I have been doing during the past 15 years developing a rationale for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treatment of ADHD employing EEG biofeedback techniques. The article first briefly reviews the history of research and theory for understanding ADHD and then deals with the development of EEG and event-related potential (ERP) assessment paradigms and treatment protocols for this disorder, including our work and that of others who have replicated our results. Illustrative material from our current research and child case studies is included. Suggestions for future experimental and clinical work in this area are presented and theoretical issues involving the understanding of the neurophysiological and neurological basis of ADHD are discussed.

Applications of Virtual Reality Technology in Brain Imaging Studies

“…The measured information can be fed back to subjects for behavioral changes [104][105][106]. A limitation of EEG and EEG-based biofeedback is that the spatial-resolution and spatial accuracy of functional mapping are limited.…”

EEG-Biofeedback as a Tool to Modulate Arousal: Trends and Perspectives for Treatment of ADHD and Insomnia

“…These slow event-related DC shifts represent excitation thresholds of large neuronal assemblies and training ADHD patients to increase SCPs robustly improves symptoms of ADHD (Doehnert et al, 2008;Drechsler et al, 2007;Gevensleben et al, 2009;Heinrich et al, 2007;Kropotov et al, 2005;Leins et al, 2007;Siniatchkin et al, 2000;Strehl et al, 2006 Carmody et al, 2000;Drechsler et al, 2007;Gevensleben et al, 2010;Gevensleben et al, 2009;Heinrich et al, 2004;Kaiser & Othmer, 2000;Kropotov et al, 2005;Leins et al, 2007;Linden et al, 1996;J.F. Lubar et al, 1995;J. F. Lubar, 1991;Rossiter, 1998;Rossiter & La Vaque, 1995;Strehl, et al, 2006;Thompson & Thompson, 1998;Doehnert et al, 2008).…”

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome

“…The biological basis for this disorder has been established by a number of investigators (Comings et al 1991;Biederman et al 1992). In one study individuals with ADHD were found to have abnormal brain wave patterns (Lubar 1991). Their beta waves (brain waves associated with concentration) are low, and their theta waves (associated with relaxation) are high, suggesting a state of drowsiness and daydreaming.…”