Discourse in healthy old-elderly adults: A longitudinal study

Ulatowska, Hanna K.; Chapman, Sandra B.; Highley, Amy Peterson; Prince, Jacqueline

doi:10.1080/02687039808249562

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Based on our past research on cognitively normal aging individuals, we had expected a smaller range of scores in terms of abstraction/gist reasoning ability at baseline, mostly skewed toward higher scores (Ulatowska et al, 1998;Chapman et al, 2006). However, there was greater variability in the scores in the current study despite rigorous screening to rule out cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Gist reasoning of complex information is relatively well preserved with normal aging (Ulatowska et al, 1998;Chapman et al, 2006) but is vulnerable to the earliest pathological changes in the brain such as in Mild Cognitive Impairment (Chapman et al, 2002). Studies involving individuals with fronto-temporal dementia and adults with traumatic brain injury suggest that gist reasoning relies heavily on the integrity of frontal cortices and its extensive reciprocal connections with other cortical and subcortical structures similar to that of executive functions (Chapman et al, 2005;Wong et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Participants' responses were tape recorded and later transcribed verbatim for scoring. A scoring system was adopted from previous studies by Ulatowska et al (1998) and Chapman et al (2002). Specifically, interpretive statements were scored on a pre-established scale of 0-6.…”

Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gist reasoning training in cognitively normal seniors

Anand¹,

Chapman²,

Rackley³

et al. 2010

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gist reasoning training in cognitively normal seniors

Anand¹,

Chapman²,

Rackley³

et al. 2010

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…These factors may also be relevant to the expression of emotions; for example, Labov (1972) concluded that ''working class speakers seem to have a distinct advantage over more educated styles'' (p. 396) in providing evaluation in narratives. The interaction between age and emotional expression is largely unexplored; there is a continuing need for more research into communicative changes (and particularly discourse performance) in ageing (Bryan & Maxim, 1996;Mackenzie, 2000;Ulatowska, Chapman, Highley, & Prince, 1998). What has been established is that older people seem to perform as well or better than younger participants on real-life language tasks, e.g., theory of mind tasks (Happe, Winner, & Brownell, 1998), or quality and interestingness of narratives (Pratt & Robins, 1991), and demonstrate greater sensitivity to the cognitive competencies of different age listeners (Adams, Smith, Pasupathi, & Vitolo, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right brain damage and the verbal expression of emotion: A preliminary investigation

Sherratt

2007

Aphasiology

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Background: Emotional expression or evaluation is intrinsically involved in all communication. In discourse, it has the function of expressing the speaker's opinions, building rapport with the listener, and providing a discourse framework. Emotion may be expressed verbally (lexically), nonverbally (e.g., gesture), or extralinguistically (e.g., prosody). Although it has been established that individuals with right brain damage (RBD) are impaired in the comprehension and production of emotion, research to date has focused on nonverbal and extralinguistic channels. The verbal expression of emotion in this population has been investigated in some studies but most of these have used global rating scales. Therefore, data at the verbal or lexical level of emotional expression following RBD are scarce. Aims: To explore the quantity and type of verbal emotional expression produced by individuals with RBD in their personal experience narratives. Methods & Procedures: Two personal experience narratives (using a negative and a positive emotional discourse topic) were elicited from a group of 7 males with RBD and a matched group of 10 non-brain-damaged (NBD) males. The discourse samples were transcribed and analysed in terms of the frequency and type of appraisal resources, i.e., the semantic choices made to express emotions, judgements, and valuations, and the way these can be graded (Martin, 2000;Martin & Rose, 2003).Outcomes & Results: The RBD group used fewer total appraisal resources in the verbal expression of emotion, particularly on the negative topic. Overall, they graded their emotional expression less and evaluated phenomena more than the NBD group. The major differences between the two groups were observed in the proportion of resources used in the negative topic: the RBD group evaluated phenomena more frequently than they expressed their own feelings, whereas the reverse was observed for the NBD group. On the positive topic, both groups used similar proportions of appraisal resources. Conclusions: This preliminary investigation has revealed that individuals with RBD may be impaired in the quantity and choice of verbal emotional expression produced in personal experience narratives on a negative, but not a positive, topic. The novel application of the appraisal framework to the discourse of this population has indicated that this method has considerable merit in highlighting differences in lexical emotional expression. It can also provide further insight into the assessment and treatment of the interpersonal and social integration deficits observed in individuals with acquired neurogenic disorders.

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“…On the other hand, many studies do not indicate that problems with understanding figurative content increase with age (e.g. Gawron, 2006;Łuczywek & Kądzielawa, 2005;Ulatowska, Chapman, Highley, & Prince, 1998;Williams, 2006; reviewed e.g. in Gawron & Łojek, 2014), and some suggest that such problems do not emerge until very advanced old age (Łuczywek & Kądzielawa, 2005).…”

Section: Metaphor Processing In the Elderly And The Models Of Cognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Metaphors in the Elderly: Does Valence Matter?

Bartczak

2017

Psychology of Language and Communication

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Much evidence from theory and research points towards difficulties in processing metaphors by elderly people. These difficulties are usually associated with working memory and inhibitory control deficits observed in this age group, as these very functions play a crucial part in efficient metaphor processing. However, results of research on understanding metaphorical content by elderly people are inconclusive. The following article reviews studies showing that metaphor processing relies on a set of complex variables, which might explain the inconclusiveness of previous results. Though we acknowledge the role of interindividual factors (differences in cognitive functioning among the elderly), we focus on the properties of the metaphor stimuli themselves, especially those of conventionalization and valence, as they might influence the processing of verbal metaphors by people in older age groups.

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Discourse in healthy old-elderly adults: A longitudinal study

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Gist reasoning training in cognitively normal seniors

Gist reasoning training in cognitively normal seniors

Right brain damage and the verbal expression of emotion: A preliminary investigation

Processing Metaphors in the Elderly: Does Valence Matter?

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