Discourse in Development: A Post-Colonial Theory 'Agenda' for the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

InternationalFinancial Institutions, Transnational Corporationsand Duties of States

“…For more on the tripartite obligations to respect, project, and fulfil and their application to extraterritorial obligations, see R. conditioned loans to developing countries on reductions in social spending and re-tooling production to service international markets, sometimes at great costs to social welfare and domestic markets. 62 The direct relationship between IFIs, TNCs and international human rights obligations is nuanced and currently in flux. Although TNCs have not traditionally been viewed as directly bound by international human rights law, support has recently emerged for the "Protect, Respect, Remedy" framework, These processes make it increasingly difficult for weaker States to assert full control over many of the aspects of policy-making that are central to their ability to fulfil their ESC rights obligations.…”

Global Civil Society and International Law in Global Governance: Some Contemporary Issues

“…526 It became the fourth treaty monitoring body to hold presessional working groups which allow NGO involvement. 527 A major NGO campaign resulted in the concluding in 1997 of the Landmines Treaty (the Ottawa Convention) 528 on 3 December 1997. The Ottawa Convention was particularly significant for its innovative global campaign by an NGO coalition, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, created by six NGOs, coordinated by Jody Williams.…”