Discontinuous gas exchange cycles and active ventilation 
in pupae of the bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</i>

Mänd, Marika; Kuusik, Aare; Martin, Ants‐Johannes; Williams, I. H.; Luik, Anne; Karise, Reet; Metspalu, L.; Hiiesaar, K.

doi:10.1051/apido:2005045

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…As reported before (Kestler 1985;Mänd et al 2005), the metabolic rate is a physiological factor which easily reveals minute changes in an organism. In the control group, we observed a clear decrease in metabolic rate and such decrease was expected since the mobility of the bumble bee worker was restricted (Zafeiridou and Theophilidis 2006;Karise et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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Kaolin is an inert material with a broad range of applications, e.g. as an insecticide and as a filling substance in the formulation of biopesticides. Hence, bees that dispense biopesticides to the field in the context of entomovectoring are exposed to elevated risks because of sideeffects of those products. Here, we investigated with use of bumble bee workers of Bombus terrestris L. the lethal and sublethal effects of (i) pure kaolin, (ii) the biofungicide Prestop-Mix containing the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum and kaolin and (iii) the bioinsecticide BotaniGard containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and compared with wheat flour powder that we considered safe for bumble bees. As the most important result, treatment with kaolin increased the cuticular water loss and reduced the survival of treated bumble bees, while Prestop-Mix had no negative effect on longevity. BotaniGard caused mortality in the bumble bees because of the entomopathogenic spores it contained. In conclusion, our data indicated that substances used as 'inert materials' and in biocontrol agents which are used in IPM and organic farming systems may bring higher risks to bumble bees used in entomovector technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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“…In passive suction ventilation, the pressure gradient is created by the depletion of tracheal oxygen when all spiracles are closed, lowering the intra-tracheal pressure; when the spiracles open, air flows in (e.g. Kestler, 1985;Mand et al, 2005;Miller, 1974;Schneiderman, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated patterns of tracheal compression and convective gas exchange in a carabid beetle

Socha

Lee

Harrison

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYRhythmic tracheal compression is a prominent feature of internal dynamics in multiple orders of insects. During compression parts of the tracheal system collapse, effecting a large change in volume, but the ultimate physiological significance of this phenomenon in gas exchange has not been determined. Possible functions of this mechanism include to convectively transport air within or out of the body, to increase the local pressure within the tracheae, or some combination thereof. To determine whether tracheal compressions are associated with excurrent gas exchange in the ground beetle Pterostichus stygicus, we used flow-through respirometry and synchrotron x-ray phase-contrast imaging to simultaneously record CO 2 emission and observe morphological changes in the major tracheae. Each observed tracheal compression (which occurred at a mean frequency and duration of 15.6±4.2 min -1 and 2.5±0.8 s, respectively) was associated with a local peak in CO 2 emission, with the start of each compression occurring simultaneously with the start of the rise in CO 2 emission. No such pulses were observed during intercompression periods. Most pulses occurred on top of an existing level of CO 2 release, indicating that at least one spiracle was open when compression began. This evidence demonstrates that tracheal compressions convectively pushed air out of the body with each stroke. The volume of CO 2 emitted per pulse was 14±4 nl, representing approximately 20% of the average CO 2 emission volume during x-ray irradiation, and 13% prior to it. CO 2 pulses with similar volume, duration and frequency were observed both prior to and after x-ray beam exposure, indicating that rhythmic tracheal compression was not a response to x-ray irradiation per se. This study suggests that intra-tracheal and trans-spiracular convection of air driven by active tracheal compression may be a major component of ventilation for many insects. Supplementary material available online at

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“…Periodic active ventilation was previously recorded in early pupae of B. terrestris, while in old pupae and adults the emission of CO2 is discontinuous (DGC) and always accompanied by active ventilation Mänd et al, 2005). By comparison, the abdominal contractions in the pupal stage of B. terrestris are not as uniform and regular as those in the larval stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Mänd¹,

Kuusik²,

Martin³

et al. 2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Using an opto-cardiograph combined with an infrared gas analyzer regular bouts of abdominal contractions were recorded from last instar larva of Bombus terrestris. The rate of CO2 release was about 0.7 ml g -1 h -1 . The bouts of contractions were of two types: weak extracardiac pulsations and vigorous pumping. The frequencies of pulsations and pumping were 25-35 per min and 8-12 per min, respectively. Bouts of extracardiac pulsations and abdominal pumping were independent of each other and sometimes overlapped. Cardiac contractions (heartbeats) were continuous (57-63 pulses/min). This study suggests that the periodically occurring abdominal contractions play an essential role in respiration and/or in haemolymph circulation in larvae of B. terrestris.

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Discontinuous gas exchange cycles and active ventilation in pupae of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Correlated patterns of tracheal compression and convective gas exchange in a carabid beetle

Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

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