Discontinuous and Continuous Processing of Low-Solvent Battery Slurries for Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Electrodes

Dreger, Henning; Bockholt, Henrike; Haselrieder, Wolfgang; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1007/s11664-015-3981-4

Cited by 69 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Two strategies are examined. At first, a continuous extrusion with various specific energies is evaluated . In addition, a second process step using a TRM is implemented to increase the applied specific energy further and to control the maximum particle size within the slurry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the dispersion of CB agglomerates has a higher impact on the coating density than the dispersion of sulfur. It can be assumed that the resulting density is the highest accessible one with the given materials and process parameters due to a dynamic equilibrium of dispersing and re‐agglomeration of the CB aggregates . A low specific energy leads to a low coating density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, ac ontinuous extrusionw ith various specific energiesi s evaluated. [20] In addition, as econd process stepu sing aT RM is implemented to increaset he applied specific energyf urther andt oc ontrol the maximum particle size within the slurry.T he shear stress and the shear rated irectly affect the particle sizes within the slurry.I ngeneral, an increased stress input should lead to narrower particle sizes due to higher deagglomerations.C onsequently,i tc auses denser coatings as a result of denser particle packings.F igure 1s hows that the density of the coatingi ncreases with the applied specific energy.A fter the TRM processing the specific energy increased remarkably by af actor of approximately 10, which led to an egligible gain in the coating density.T he additional applied energy induces smaller sulfur particles,a ss hown in Figure 1a nd Figure 2( sulfur marked in yellow color),b ut it only slightly narrows the volumem ean diameter (VMD,I SO 9276-2:2014). TheV MD is the average particle size of the volumeb ased particle size distribution, which is weighted by the ratio of each particle size class.D ue to the low bulk density of carbonb lack ( % 83 kg m À3 )c ompared to sulfur ( % 700 kg m À3 ), the volume share of the CB is approximately four times higher than that of sulfur.…”

Section: Dispersion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we focus on the application of established processest om anufacture sulfur cathodes with increased energyd ensities:W eu se an extruder (Ex) as ac ontinuous dispersing device,w hich has already been adopted in lithium-iont echnology research. [20] At riple-rollerm ill (TRM) is used in as econdd ispersing step with af ixed roller gapt o limit the maximum particle size.T hese mills are usuallyu sed for dispersing nanoparticles [21,22] or sensitive materials [23,24] in highly viscous media. Calendering is also aw ell-known, state-of-the-art process to increase the energy density of electrodes by compacting their coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing Energy Densities of Sulfur Cathodes using Dispersing and Calendering Processes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2018

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Lithium–sulfur batteries are nearly ready to be commercialized. However, each material composition has specific challenges regarding its adaption to state of the art production lines of lithium‐ion batteries. The influence of the dispersing and calendering process on the battery performance is investigated with an easy‐to‐implement material approach and a solvent‐based process. The slurry is treated by different dispersing intensities using an extruder and a triple roller mill, which leads to increased energy densities. The coating is calendered to increase the energy density by maintaining the specific capacity. The reactions within the sulfur cathodes are investigated by evaluating the potentials of the upper and lower voltage plateaus. It was determined that the variation of the process parameters leads to a changed reactivity of the polysulfide reactions but not to a shift of the sulfur utilization within the sulfur cathodes. The process parameters influence the pore structure of the cathode, resulting in different sensitivities for higher C‐rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing Energy Densities of Sulfur Cathodes using Dispersing and Calendering Processes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2018

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Modelling Approaches of the Dispersion Process for Conductive Slurries in Chemical Process Industries

Shariq,

Nemec

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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In this article, the review on different modeling approaches used for the dispersion of conductive slurries is presented. It comprises three parts: state‐of‐the‐art dispersion process, physiochemical properties, and different modelling approaches. The first part explains the physical mechanism involved in the mixing process and gives an in‐depth understanding of the applicability of the current techniques available commercially with respect to lab‐scale, pilot plant, and industrially upscaled production of these conductive slurries. The main challenges in slurry formulation prevent the formation of agglomerates and breaking down the preexisting agglomerates. It can be understood by studying the role of process parameters such as mixing time and stirring speed involved in the dispersion process. The second part focusses on the important physiochemical properties such as solid content, particle size distribution, and rheology that influences the electrode performance. The third part focusses on the available modelling approaches based on computational‐fluid‐dynamics‐ and coarse‐grained‐molecular‐dynamics‐based on the need as well as the complexity involved. The important aspects such as accuracy, computational cost, advantages, and limitations for both these approaches are discussed that will help the readers to select an appropriate technique in the modelling paradigm to reduce the energy consumption in the dispersion process.

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Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hou

Yang

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Although tremendous efforts have been devoted into research and development of materials science and engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state physics in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) over the last 30 years, the critical technologies and applied science underneath manufacturing and processing seem very seldom reported, which is further manifested by the realization of the gap between academy and industry within recent years. In this paper, the intrinsic relationship of materials‐processing‐performance is highlighted by thoroughly reviewing the bridge effect of processing, transport, and transfer at different scales across electrode, heterogeneous thermodynamics, and kinetics during charge‐discharge cycles, the tradeoff between areal capacity and rate performance, and some practical novel electrode designs. Based on very limited open literature, the fundamental basics and sciences of the state of art production steps including slurry mixing, coating, drying, calendering, electrolyte filling, and formatting are comprehensively discussed. Through correlating with the materials design and development, the electrode compositions and structures, and the bridge effect of processing, the in‐depth understanding of the importance of individual steps and their interactions are provided to shed light on further improvement on materials and manufacturing for LIBs.

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Discontinuous and Continuous Processing of Low-Solvent Battery Slurries for Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Electrodes

Cited by 69 publications

References 16 publications

Increasing Energy Densities of Sulfur Cathodes using Dispersing and Calendering Processes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Increasing Energy Densities of Sulfur Cathodes using Dispersing and Calendering Processes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Modelling Approaches of the Dispersion Process for Conductive Slurries in Chemical Process Industries

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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