Disclosure of suicidal ideation and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Hallford, David John; Rusanov, Danielle; Winestone, B.; Kaplan, Robert C.; Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, Matthew; Melvin, Glenn

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102272

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…It was particularly common in younger patients (sample 1), among whom recent occurrence of any SB was not an exclusion criterion: in this sample, over sixty per cent of individuals reported some form of suicidality and almost one in six reported severe SB. In line with these findings, a recent meta-analysis shows that only 40-50% of suicidal people disclose their intentions to others [76]. Conversely, in our patients with late-life depression (sample 2), characterised by narrower inclusion criteria such as no recent suicide intent or plan, the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was nine per cent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation

Olgiati,

Pecorino,

Serretti

2024

Neuropsychobiology

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Introduction: Suicidal behaviour (SB) has a complex aetiology. Although suicidal ideation (SI) is considered the most important risk factor for future attempts, many people who engage in SB do not report it. Methods: We investigated neurological, metabolic, and psychopathological correlates of lifetime SB in two independent groups of patients with major depression (sample 1: n = 230; age: 18–65 years; sample 2: n = 258; age >60 years) who did not report SI during an index episode. Results: Among adults (sample 1), SB was reported by 141 subjects (58.7%) and severe SB by 33 (15%). After controlling for interactions, four risk factors for SB emerged: male gender (OR 2.55; 95% CI: 1.06–6.12), negative self-perception (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08–2.87), subthreshold hypomania (OR 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57–12.85), and sexual abuse (OR 3.09; 95% CI: 1.28–7.48). The presence of at least two of these factors had the best accuracy in predicting SB: sensitivity = 57.6% (39.2–74.5); specificity = 75.1% (68.5–82.0); PPV = 27.9% (20.9–37.2); NPV = 91.4% (87.6–94.1). In older patients (sample 2), 23 subjects (9%) reported previous suicide attempts, which were characterized by earlier onset (25 years: OR 0.95: 0.92–0.98), impaired verbal performance (verbal fluency: OR 0.95: 0.89–0.99), higher HDL cholesterol levels (OR 1.04: 1.00–1.07) and more dyskinesias (OR 2.86: 1.22–6.70). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SB is common in major depressive disorder, even when SI is not reported. In these individuals it is feasible and recommended to investigate both psychiatric and organic risk factors. The predictive power of models excluding SI is comparable to that of models including SI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation

Olgiati,

Pecorino,

Serretti

2024

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Findings from this study support literature highlighting that conversations about self-harm and suicide with young people are challenging and often uncomfortable [ 49 , 50 ]. While it is reasonable to expect that these conversations will never feel easy or comfortable for most people, initiatives such as #chatsafe seek instead to ensure that members of the community feel empowered and able to talk about self-harm and suicide in a way that feels safe and protective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Can #chatsafe support parents and carers beyond Australia? A qualitative study

La Sala,

Sabo,

Lamblin

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Rates of self-harm and suicide are rising for young people globally and many implicate social media in this problem. To address this concern and to increase the confidence of adults to communicate safely about suicide and social media with young people, the #chatsafe Guide for Parents and Carers was developed in Australia. With significant uptake of the resource among Australian adults, the aim of the current study was to update and contextualise the #chatsafe Guide for Parents and Carers for audiences in 15 countries globally. To improve the relevance of this resource for parents and carers in these countries, the present study sought to understand the concerns held by parents, carers and suicide prevention professionals around the world about these topics and to explore the extent to which a resource such as #chatsafe would be helpful within their communities. Methods Seven focus groups were conducted via Zoom with parents, carers and suicide prevention professionals (n = 40) from 15 countries. Transcribed data were coded and thematically analysed using both inductive and deductive processes. Results Six themes are reported: (1) Two scary ‘S’ words; (2) Country and culture impact who talks (or is silent) about self-harm and suicide; (3) The need for a protective social ecosystem; (4) #chatsafe is a tool that can help parents, carers and young people worldwide; (5) #chatsafe should consider local context and end users to improve its relevance for parents and carers worldwide; and (6) A range of marketing and dissemination strategies are needed to reach adults with #chatsafe information. Findings of this study informed the update and contextualisation of the #chatsafe Guide for Parents and Carers for adult audiences in 15 countries. Conclusions The findings from this study underscore a universal need for psychoeducation initiatives that provide adults with the skills and knowledge to support the mental health of young people, both online and offline, and that resources like #chastafe can play an important role in providing reliable information about these topics to adults across a range of cultures and contexts.

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“…Also, as a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, it could be understood as an indication of an accumulative increase in overall risk factors for suicide related to the outcomes of the most challenging health crisis of our times, the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., increased stress, uncertainty, fear, and feelings of hopelessness and helplessness) [ 18 , 31 ]. As the disclosure of suicidal ideation and behaviors (thoughts, plans, or attempts) may prevent dying by suicide [ 32 ], this is an important finding to be taken into consideration in mental health promotion actions targeting domestic students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International and domestic university students’ mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: Comparison between 2020, 2021, and 2022

Prado,

Baldofski,

Kohls

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic affected university students’ mental health worldwide. International students were presenting high levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate (i) differences between various timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) in mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects in domestic and international students, separately, (ii) differences between international and domestic students between the three timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects, and (iii) possible moderation effects of timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects of domestic and international students. Material and methods Data from three cross-sectional anonymous online surveys conducted in German universities were analyzed and compared. Data were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, with a total N = 14,498. Depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, social support, self-efficacy, resilience, perceived stress, and loneliness were assessed through standardized self-report instruments. Differences between domestic and international students in mental health outcomes, and social and emotional aspects across three timepoints were assessed with one-way and two-way ANCOVAs. Results Regardless of the timepoint, international students presented more depressive symptoms and perceived stress, lower perceived social support and resilience, but higher levels of self-efficacy and less alcohol consumption compared to domestic students. A significant interaction effect between timepoint and student status emerged only for loneliness. Conclusions International students generally presented poorer mental health outcomes than domestic students. Mental health care and prevention such as low-threshold, online counseling should address university students, especially international students.

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Disclosure of suicidal ideation and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Cited by 21 publications

References 116 publications

Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation

Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation

Can #chatsafe support parents and carers beyond Australia? A qualitative study

International and domestic university students’ mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: Comparison between 2020, 2021, and 2022

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