Discharges of nuclear medicine radioisotopes in Spanish hospitals

Krawczyk, E; Piñero-García, F.; Ferro-Garcı́a, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.011

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Los servicios de medicina nuclear en hospitales se han catalogado como una de las principales fuentes de radionúclidos en aguas residuales urbanas (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Un factor que impacta la oferta es la gestión de los desechos radiactivos. Los servicios de medicina nuclear en los hospitales se han catalogado como una de las principales fuentes de radionúclidos en aguas residuales urbanas 15 , 16 . Debido a la vida media relativamente larga de algunos radioisótopos, como el I-131, cuyo tiempo de semidesintegración física es de ocho días, los pacientes eliminan el radionúclido por medio de la orina y las excretas directamente a los sistemas de recolección de aguas y la red de alcantarillado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia

et al. 2021

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Introducción. Colombia ha modificado las normas de medicina nuclear que impacta la administración de yodoterapia en el tratamiento de cáncer de tiroides. Objetivos. Identificar las áreas de acuerdo con respecto a la problemática, requerimientos presentes y emergentes asociados con la normativa para el funcionamiento de los servicios de medicina nuclear. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio Delphi de dos rondas para cada grupo de expertos, clínicos y regulatorios. La primera ronda exploró los puntos de vista sobre las implicaciones de la normativa que aplica a la medicina nuclear. La segunda ronda calificó por relevancia las declaraciones de la primera ronda. Resultados. La problemática de los servicios de medicina nuclear está relacionada con la claridad normativa y la falta de sinergia y coherencia entre los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control. Las exigencias al sistema de gestión de desechos requieren una alta inversión económica que puede influir en la oferta del servicio y repercutir en el control integral del cáncer de tiroides. Entre las necesidades presentes y futuras se encuentran: unificación de criterios de los auditores, delimitación de funciones de los actuantes, asistencias técnicas a los servicios para cumplir con la normativa y la veeduría sobre los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control por parte de los entes regulatorios. Conclusión. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que los servicios de medicina nuclear atraviesan un momento de múltiples desafíos institucionales, normativos y económicos que ponen en riesgo el desarrollo y mantenimiento la medicina nuclear en la atención oncológica.

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“…Los servicios de medicina nuclear en hospitales se han catalogado como una de las principales fuentes de radionúclidos en aguas residuales urbanas (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…The activity of 99m Tc was below the detection limit (1.4 Bq L −1 ). The physical half-life of the 99m Tc is much lower than the operational hydraulic retention time (1.6-2.1 d) and the solid retention time (Krawczyk et al 2013). This contributes to decreasing the specific activities found in the WWTP output, showing that TP is working as an abatement system.…”

Section: Activity Levels In Wwtp Samples Without An Abatement Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

Discharges of Nuclear Medicine Radioisotopes: The Impact of an Abatement System

2022

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Clinical uses of radiopharmaceuticals imply the administration of radioactive substances that are mainly excreted through urine. The Nuclear Medicine Department at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC-COL) in Bogota, Colombia, administers radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics and treatment to many patients, resulting in tens of cubic meters of radioactive waste water (WW) every day. As Colombian regulatory limits for liquid radioactive discharges to the sewer system are lower than in other countries, longer WW decay times are required, even when an in-house waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is used. To fulfill the requirements for controlled disposal of radioactive discharges, a complementary abatement system was implemented to retain WW for periods as long as 360 d, and was connected to the hospital´s WWTP. These holding times can cause major changes in the WW physicochemical parameters, reaching levels higher than acceptable. In this study, we evaluate the decontamination and decay efficiency of the retention system using water quality parameters and the amount of radioactivity in the effluents stored in the tanks and the WWTP. According to the results, to maintain the physicochemical parameters below acceptable levels, biological and chemical treatment of decayed WW is necessary before discharging it into urban waste water. Using the principles of dilution, retention, and decay, an integral radioactive WW management system was implemented favoring the quality of discharges and activity levels to the sewer system, with efficiencies close to 100% for WW from discharges in diagnostic procedures ranging from 98% (131I) to 100% (177Lu) for WW from discharges in therapeutic procedures. Activity concentration assessment in medically-derived radionuclides using an in-house waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and a complementary abatement system; an in-house WWTP could be used as an abatement system for short-lived radionuclides; and a tank-based abatement system attached to the in-house WWTP showed higher efficiencies for long-lived radionuclides and adequate physicochemical parameters for the discharge to the city sewage system.

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“…Gamma rays cause higher irradiation because of their energy levels while beta rays are used for therapeutic purposes (CHANG;MOREIRA, 2014). This technique represents approximately 90% of all NM therapies (KRAWCZYK et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introdution Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiometric survey on the exposure to and management of radioactive waste produced by patients on I131 treatment

Santos¹,

Couto²,

Martins³

et al. 2018

CeN

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The objective of this study is to perform a radiometric survey on the exposure of Occupationally Exposed Individuals (OEI) to radioactive waste and to evaluate the management of radioactive waste produced by patients treated with Iodine-131 (I131) in a hospital in São Luís, MA, Brazil. For this purpose, radiometric levels were measured using radiation measuring devices placed at strategic points in the hospital bed and the areas surrounding the tailings deposit. For four months, a team of professionals using equations of exposure rate, activity, and equivalent dose analyzed the waste disposal management and the exposure received by the OEI. It was concluded that the discarded waste had a level lower than 2 μCi/kg, thus complying with CNEN 6.05 standard. Patients who were administered I131 with 100 and 150 mCi activity needed to be hospitalized for only 24 hours, while those with 200 mCi activity required 36 to 48 hours of hospitalization. The exposure rate emitted by the wastes in the iodine rooms was 1.95 mR/h and in the area near the tailings deposit, the OEI received an equivalent dose of 0.01 mSv per week-values below the maximum limit allowed by CNEN 3.01/2014.

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Discharges of nuclear medicine radioisotopes in Spanish hospitals

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia

Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia

Discharges of Nuclear Medicine Radioisotopes: The Impact of an Abatement System

Radiometric survey on the exposure to and management of radioactive waste produced by patients on I131 treatment

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