Discharge profile of a zinc-air flow battery at various electrolyte flow rates and discharge currents

Abbasi, Ali; Hosseini, Soraya; Somwangthanaroj, Anongnat; Cheacharoen, Rongrong; Olaru, Sorin; Kheawhom, Soorathep

doi:10.1038/s41597-020-0539-y

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The slurry for the inner side was prepared by mixing the 35 mg of active perovskite material, and 35 mg of carbon black powder in 25 µL of the binder (Nafion solution: 5 wt%) was dispersed 1 ml of IPA using ultra-sonication until a homogenous solution is obtained. 1 ml (loading mass = 0.033 g cm −2 ) of the slurry was coated on nickel foam (2 cm 2 ) which was further pressed at 150 °C for ten mins 39 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High energy storage capabilities of CaCu3Ti4O12 for paper-based zinc–air battery

Bhardwaj

Sharma

Gupta

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Zinc–air batteries proffer high energy density and cyclic stability at low costs but lack disadvantages like sluggish reactions at the cathode and the formation of by-products at the cathode. To resolve these issues, a new perovskite material, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), is proposed as an efficacious electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions to develop zinc–air batteries (ZAB). Synthesis of this material adopted an effective oxalate route, which led to the purity in the electrocatalyst composition. The CCTO material is a proven potential candidate for energy applications because of its high dielectric permittivity (ε) and occupies an improved ORR-OER activity with better onset potential, current density, and stability. The Tafel value for CCTO was obtained out to be 80 mV dec−1. The CCTO perovskite was also evaluated for the zinc–air battery as an air electrode, corresponding to the high specific capacitance of 801 mAh g−1 with the greater cyclic efficiency and minimum variations in both charge/discharge processes. The highest power density (Pmax) measured was 127 mW cm−2. Also, the CCTO based paper battery shows an excellent performance achieving a specific capacity of 614 mAh g−1. The obtained results promise CCTO as a potential and cheap electrocatalyst for energy applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High energy storage capabilities of CaCu3Ti4O12 for paper-based zinc–air battery

Bhardwaj

Sharma

Gupta

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Widespread adoption of secondary zinc-air batteries is at present limited by insufficient bifunctional catalysts for the cathode [10][11][12], but there is growing interest in improving the anode architecture to help improve cycle lifetime and avoid zinc dendrite formation in both primary and secondary cells [13,14]. Although alternative methods for recharging have been suggested, such as mechanical recharging by replacement of the anode [15] or flow-battery systems [16], challenges remain for zinc-air batteries in order to maximise the full capacity of the anode during cell discharge. Furthermore, zinc-air batteries have been shown by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to have a significant rate-dependence, with increasing capacity utilisation with decreasing rate (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ x-ray computed tomography of zinc–air primary cells during discharge: correlating discharge rate to anode morphology

et al. 2021

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Zinc-air batteries are gaining attention as safe battery alternatives, with high theoretical energy densities and a high abundance of their constituent materials. However, barriers to their widespread adoption include the need to improve their cycling lifetime, as well as stability and avoiding degradation mechanisms such as zinc dendrite growth and hydrogen-producing side reactions. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely used technique for the study of batteries. In-situ/operando X-ray CT has been increasingly used to study the zinc anode of zinc-air batteries to evaluate the interesting morphological changes occurring during the reaction from Zn to ZnO during discharge (vice versa during charge). However, several studies have been carried out using synchrotron X-ray sources, which have limited availability for users. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the discharge of commercial, primary zinc-air batteries using a laboratory based X-ray source for in-situ X-ray CT measurements. Four different discharge rates are investigated (C/30, C/60, C/90 and C/150), with tomograms collected at various stages throughout each discharge. Results confirm that with decreasing C-rate (i.e., decreasing discharge current) a greater volume of zinc is reacted, with average mass utilisations of 17%, 76%, 81% and 87% for C/30, C/60, C/90 and C/150, respectively. Furthermore, quantification using X-ray CT datasets showed that there is a direct correlation between the volume of zinc remaining in the cell and the state of charge (SoC) of the cell, which deviated from linearity for the longer C-rates. Finally, a potential new mechanism for shape change is discussed, where a zinc particle is replaced with a pore of a similar volume. As well as improvements in statistical relevance gained from multiple repeats for each C-rate, the results presented here could be used in both modelling of battery performance, as well as consideration for future anode design concepts.

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“…Modifying the cell configuration can optimize the electrode performance and/or prevent the accumulation of zincate ions, which are beneficial to improve the cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries [105,106] . This section will discuss the advances in cell configuration such as the tri‐electrode and flowing electrolyte configuration, which are promising approaches in improving the stability and cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries [106–110] …”

Section: Battery Configuration To Enhance the Cycle‐life Of Zn‐air Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Extending the Cycle‐Life of Secondary Zn‐Air Batteries

et al. 2021

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Secondary Zn‐air batteries with stable voltage and long cycle‐life are of immediate interest to meet global energy storage needs at various scales. Although primary Zn‐air batteries have been widely used since the early 1930s, large‐scale development of electrically rechargeable variants has not been fully realized due to their short cycle‐life. In this work, we review some of the most recent and effective strategies to extend the cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries. Firstly, diverse degradation routes in Zn‐air batteries will be discussed, linking commonly observed failure modes with the possible mechanisms and root causes. Next, we evaluate the most recent and effective strategies aimed at tackling individual or multiple of these degradation routes. Both aspects of cell architecture design and materials engineering of the electrodes and the electrolytes will be thoroughly covered. Finally, we offer our perspective on how the cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries can be extended with concerted and tailored research directions to pave the way for their use as the most promising secondary battery system of the future.

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Discharge profile of a zinc-air flow battery at various electrolyte flow rates and discharge currents

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

High energy storage capabilities of CaCu3Ti4O12 for paper-based zinc–air battery

High energy storage capabilities of CaCu3Ti4O12 for paper-based zinc–air battery

In situ x-ray computed tomography of zinc–air primary cells during discharge: correlating discharge rate to anode morphology

Recent Progress in Extending the Cycle‐Life of Secondary Zn‐Air Batteries

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