Discharge phenomena in gases

Abstract

chemical " changes. Ionization by electron impact was the reaction first considered from this point of view (Townsend, 1901 ; Kirkby, 1902; Townsend, 1903, 15); it n-as then recognized that the experimental data, which relate to * Research Department, Messrs. Callender's Cable and Construction Co., Ltd.f Electrical Labora'tor).. Oxford. 3 Research Department, Me-ssrs. Metropolitan Vicktrs Electrical Co., Ltd. * For a case treated in detail. rze Lunt, Pearson and Topley, 1940. * The definite integral results from using the linear field X=Xc(l -z/d) and substituting, in V,./de (Fr,1)1'3 when d is eliminated (2), 3 =(Xc/Bp)(l -ai). Theupper limit becomes x=X,/Bp by means of (1). The value of the integral may be obtained from tables.

Electrical discharges

“…T h e form of the variation of atomic cross sections also accounts for the extremely narrow form of distribution in argon at high mean energies (-8 ev) found from a study of line and continuous spectra by MacCallum, Klatzow and Keyston (1933).…”

“…Langmuir (1923), to explain the mechanism of the mercury-arc discharge, supposed that electrons were liberated from the cathode by a high electric field set up by a space charge layer of positive ions in the discharge. Mackeown (1929), Compton (1931), Ramberg (1932, Tonks (1934Tonks ( , 1935, Recken and Sommermeyer (1936) and Seeliger and Becken (1935) have all put forward the view that field emission provides the necessary high current density in arcs from low boiling point metals. I n their review Druyvesteyn and Penning (1940) suggested that because the cathode spot of an arc can in many cases be made to move rapidly, the emission cannot be thermionic, and that field emission seemed to be the most probable explanation.…”

“…N elucidating the varied and complex phenomena of electrical discharges it is necessary to identify the significant processes of ion generation and loss which occur, and also to investigate the energy and probability relations of The subject of discharge physics was reviewed comprehensively in Reports on those processes and the energy distribution functions of the colliding particles. Francis and Jenkins (1940) and in Reviews of Modern Physics by Druyvesteyn and Penning (1940); certain further aspects, such as the cathode fall and spark breakdown at high pressures, were later treated in Reports on Progress in Physics by Lunt, von Engel and Meek (1941) and in Advances in Physics by Massey (1952). Fundamental phenomena such as attachment and recombination, both dissociative and associative, secondary emission, and collisions involving photon-atom interaction have been reviewed in Reports on Progress in Physics by Massey (19491, in Advances in Physics by Massey (1952), and treated comprehensively by Massey and Burhop (1952).…”

Low Pressure Electric Discharge Detectors

“…The theoretical treatment of the phenomena occurring in discharges has made great progress in recent years (8,7) but is far from complete. However, much empirical information of direct application to this problem has been accumulated.…”

Beiträge zur Theorie des Kathodenfalles

“…Auf ihrer Grundlage sind eine groBere Zahl von Fallraumtheorien entstanden, die meistens unter zahlreichen Vereinfachungen und unter verschiedener Bewertung einzelner physikalischer Effekte nachprufbare Aussagen iiber die Entladung zu gewinnen suchten. Zusammenfassende Darstellungen iiber die bisherigen Theorien siehe die oben genannte Literatur, ferner noch HOLM [22], DRUYVESTEYN und PENNING [lo], LUNT, v. ENGEL, MEEK [25], WILHELM [36], HANTZSCHE [21]. l) Diese Arbeit enthillt im wesentlichen einige Auszuge aus der Dissertation des Verfassers-Verschiedene Zahlenwerte wurden auf Grund neuerer Ergebnisse geringfugig geiindert.…”