Discharge Observation Networks in Arctic Regions: Computation of the River Runoff into the Arctic Ocean, Its Seasonality and Variability

Grabs, Wolfgang; Portmann, Felix T.; Couet, T. de

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4132-1_11

Cited by 34 publications

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“…This unconformity is best explained by the fact that estimated total basin discharge, as previously discussed, encapsulates all forms of water mass losses, including all of gauged and ungauged discharge. Additionally, observed low flows during winter are far more prone to measurement errors relative to peak flows, due to ice jams and river freeze-up, with potential errors ranging between $15% and $30% [Grabs et al, 2000;Serreze et al, 2003].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Grabs et al [2000] estimated a mean annual flow of 2603 km 3 yr À1 from gauged streamflow estimates of 35 rivers that accounted for about 70% of the Pan-Arctic drainage area. However, the Yukon was included among the 35 rivers when it actually drains into the Bering Strait.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, even when gauges are present, a significant volume of discharge may bypass measurement stations as flow in braided channels, inundated floodplain [Alsdorf and Lettenmaier, 2003] or as submarine groundwater seepage. Furthermore, freezing of rivers and subsequent flooding due to river-ice break up during late spring impose additional hindrances to monitoring river discharge at high latitudes [Grabs et al, 2000]. Finally, acquiring all Arctic discharge data in near-real time is complicated by varying international standards for data collection and policies for information sharing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Syed

Famiglietti

Zlotnicki

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Streamflow from Arctic river basins has been increasing in recent decades in response to warming climate. In addition to being a sensitive indicator of global change, Arctic discharge is a critical component of the freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean, where increasing freshwater flows may slow rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and heat transport by the thermohaline circulation. However, quantifying rates of freshwater discharge from the entire Pan-Arctic drainage has been troublesome using traditional stream gauging methods. Here we use satellite measurements of variations in continental water storage from the GRACE mission to present first estimates of monthly freshwater discharge from the entire Pan-Arctic for the period 2003 -2005. Results show that rates of Pan-Arctic discharge for this time period (3588 ± 257 km 3 yr À1 ) are significantly larger than those suggested by gauge-based estimates (3238 km 3 yr À1 ), and furthermore, may indicate that discharge rates are accelerating.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Syed

Famiglietti

Zlotnicki

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Freshwater discharge from north-flowing rivers plays an important role in regulating the thermohaline circulation of the world's oceans (Aagaard and Carmack, 1989). Recent studies find that most northern rivers, including the largest arctic rivers in Siberia, show an increasing runoff trend, especially in winter and spring seasons, over the last several decades (Grabs et al, 2000;Lammers et al, 2001;Nijssen et al, 2001a,b;Zhang et al, 2001;Peterson et al, 2002;Serreze et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2002;Ye et al, 2003). The causes for these changes are not all clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term open-water season stream temperature variations and changes over Lena River Basin in Siberia

Liu

Yang

et al. 2005

Global and Planetary Change

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“…Included in this drainage area are four of the world's major river systems; the Mackenzie in North America and the Ob, Yenisey, and Lena in northern Eurasia. These three Eurasian rivers deliver an average of 1480 km 3 of freshwater to the eastern Arctic annually (Grabs et al, 2000), accounting for over 45% of discharge entering the Arctic Ocean and contributing significantly to this ocean's high freshwater content. As such, these rivers exert an important influence on the stratification of ocean waters (Steele and Boyd, 1998), Arctic sea ice cover (Macdonald et al, 1999), and freshwater export to the North Atlantic .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptically forced hydroclimatology of major Arctic watersheds in general circulation models; Part 2: Eurasian watersheds

Finnis

Cassano

Holland

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:A synoptic climatology of daily sea level pressure patterns over Eurasia has been created and used to assess simulations of regional circulation and hydroclimatology from fourteen general circulation models (GCMs). The quality of simulated circulation varies considerably among both individual models and seasons, with summer and winter showing the best agreement with reanalysis data. Close examination of five select models reveals a tendency for GCMs to either over-or under-emphasize the strength and persistence of the winter storm track over Eurasia, with an overemphasized track resulting in better agreement with reanalyses on annual time-scales. Although pronounced, these biases have relatively little impact on the hydroclimatology of the Ob, Yenisey, and Lena watersheds. Instead, large-scale precipitation biases appear to be primarily the result of systematic errors in simulated precipitation processes, perhaps related to relevant parameterization schemes. Finally, an effort was made to identify and characterize 20th century precipitation trends related to greenhouse gas induced climate change, by decomposing precipitation time series on the basis of variability in circulation and the mean intensity of precipitation events. Results suggest the influence of anthropogenic climate change over the past forty years is masked by natural variability.

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Discharge Observation Networks in Arctic Regions: Computation of the River Runoff into the Arctic Ocean, Its Seasonality and Variability

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Long-term open-water season stream temperature variations and changes over Lena River Basin in Siberia

Synoptically forced hydroclimatology of major Arctic watersheds in general circulation models; Part 2: Eurasian watersheds

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