Discharge formation processes and glow-to-arc transition in pseudospark switch

Korolev, Yu. D.; Frank, K.

doi:10.1109/27.799835

Cited by 83 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the early peaking of the O ion emission in figure 5 relative to time of emission of the pseudo-continuum in figure 4 is expected from the sputtering or evaporation of a surface layer of oxygen 4 prior to the production and multistage ionization of the electrode metal. The delayed emission from ionized electrode material has been observed [18,19] for somewhat similar pulsed discharges 6 .…”

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confidence: 85%

“…6 Because sputering yields are expected to vary rapidly with ion mass and energy [21], the evaluation of sputtering as the source of ions requires detailed information as to the transient behavior of cathode emission modes, discharge electric fields, etc. in the pulsed discharges [18,19]. Similarly, estimates of electrode evaporation require extensive data on cathode bombardment, thermal response, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al.

Phelps

Clementson

2012

Eur. Phys. J. D

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Abstract. An explanation of the so-called hydrino continuum emissions proposed by Mills and Lu, most recently in [Eur. Phys. J. D 64, 65 (2011)], is presented using conventional atomic, plasma, and discharge physics. It is argued that the observed EUV emissions during their pulsed discharges originate from transitions in ions sputtered or evaporated from the electrodes. Such an interpretation removes their justification for the introduction of hydrino particles.Recently, Mills and Lu have published extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from pulsed discharges, which they claim prove the existence of so-called hydrino atoms (hydrogen atoms with states having a fractional principal quantum number) [1][2][3][4]. The discharges were produced using various fill gases and cathode materials. The observed spectra could not be explained by Mills et al. using conventional physics, which allowed them to interpret the data as evidence for their hydrino model. In the present paper, it is argued that the observed spectra are, in fact, emissions from low charge-state ions sputtered or evaporated from the electrodes plus some impurity ion emission. The continuum appearance is explained as being made up of densely spaced lines that are not fully resolved. Specific points are:Mills et al. claim [1][2][3][4] there are no differences in the observed discharge spectra when different electrode materials are used. In Figures 1 through 3 spectra have been digitized 1 from plots of Mills et al. [1][2][3][4] for emission observed with cathodes made of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and tantalum (Ta). These traces show instead that the spectra differ considerably with electrode material. The dependence on material is especially clear in Figures 1a and 1b, where discharges with W and Mo cathodes using a hydrogen (H 2 ) fill gas are compared.Mills et al. [1][2][3][4] further state that the observed emission cannot be explained as line emission by atoms or ions from the metal electrodes. Here it is shown that much of a e-mail: avp@jila.colorado.edu 1 Because requested original data tabulations have not been made available, the data shown for Mills et al. are obtained by digitizing figures selected for minimum diffusiveness and non-overlapping curves from the referenced publications and "secured" preprint files. Thus, for the data of reference [4] in Figures 1 and 2, the pixel width seen by the digitizer software is larger than the nominal spectrometer resolution of 0.05 nm.the emission can indeed be explained as line radiation from low charge states of sputtered or evaporated high-Z metal ions. In Figure 1a the spectrum of Mills et al. is plotted together with W spectra observed by Clementson et al. [5] 2 from an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The data were acquired using a grazing-incidence instrument with a resolution of 0.04 nm full width half maximum (FWHM) at an EBIT electron-beam energy of 150 ± 10 eV. This energy is high enough to create W ions with charge states up to 8+ [6]. Very similar spectra at lower resolution (not shown) have been ...

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Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al.

Phelps

Clementson

2012

Eur. Phys. J. D

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“…4,24 At a later time, due to explosive emission process, 4,24-29 the arc cathode spot is initiated and glow-to-arc transition occurs. 4,[30][31][32][33][34] Note that the other method of the switch triggering depends on the so called electric circuit of classical thyratron. 5,6 In this circuit, the only grounded electrode is the cathode C 1 .…”

Section: Principle Of Thyratron Operation As Applied To the Propomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the terms cold-cathode thyratron or grounded-grid thyratron are also used in the current literature. [4][5][6][7] In early [1][2][3][4][5] and present-day [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] publications, there are described a variety of switch prototypes for different applications on the basis of the demountable experimental chambers with external gas filling. As a result of the investigations, the sealed-off switches had been developed 5 in which the operating gas pressure is maintained due to a heated hydrogen reservoir.…”

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confidence: 99%

Triggering of cold-cathode thyratron in electric circuit with grounded grid

et al. 2017

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Dependence of pre-breakdown time on ionization processes in a pseudospark discharge AIP Advances 7, 115005 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003242Development of high-power gas discharge and electronic vacuum devices for pulsed electrophysic. This paper deals with the investigations of the sealed-off hold-cathode thyratron (pseudospark switch) TPI1-10k/50, which is commercially produced by the Pulsed Technology Ltd., Ryazan, Russia. The trigger unit of the switch is based on a low-current auxiliary glow discharge. The new method for the switch triggering is proposed. The essence of the method is that the thyratron grid and the hollow cathode of the auxiliary discharge has to be grounded and the trigger pulse is applied to the ring anode of the trigger unit. In the proposed method, an undesirable high-voltage spike at the thyratron grid, which can appear with a usage of the other methods of triggering, is absent. It is shown that to trigger the thyratron a critical pulsed current to the main cathode cavity at a level of 0.8 A and higher should be provided. When the current exceeds the critical value, the jitter in the delay time to triggering falls in a range of 10 ns. This means that the method of triggering can be used in a variety of applications that require a low jitter in the delay time. © 2017 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

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“…The vacuum plasma technology used for surface modification of materials and large-size objects is based on the generation of low-temperature glow discharge plasmas [4][5][6][7][8][9] for which it is required to provide an ion current density of ~1 mA/cm 2 to a treated surface and a discharge operating voltage of hundred volts [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of Discharge Plasma Generation and Diffusion Saturation of Metals and Alloys

Hung¹,

Васильевна²,

An³

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Information Technologies in Science, Management, Social Sphere and Medicine

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Abstract. This paper presents a mathematical modeling of the plasma generation in a hollow cathode and the diffusion saturation of metals and alloys by nitrogen atoms in the plasma of a low-pressure non-self-sustained glow discharge. Characteristics of gas discharge are obtained. The relations between main technological parameters and structural-phase states of nitrited material are defined. Furthermore, this paper leads a comparison of calculated results with the experimental data.

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Discharge formation processes and glow-to-arc transition in pseudospark switch

Cited by 83 publications

References 26 publications

Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al.

Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al.

Triggering of cold-cathode thyratron in electric circuit with grounded grid

Mathematical Modeling of Discharge Plasma Generation and Diffusion Saturation of Metals and Alloys

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