Discharge Characterization of Urban Stormwater Runoff Using Continuous Simulation

Bias and variance of planning level estimates of pollutant loads

“…Walesh [1993] notes that aside from their site-specific nature, a significant limitation of the use of loading rates is their failure to account for delivery ratios. Bumgardner et al [1994] have shown that simple planning level estimates that capture the temporal variability and serial correlation in urban runoff through continuous eventbased simulation can yield significantly different annual load estimates than constant response regression-based methods.…”