Discharge and corrosion characteristics of slagging metal electrodes for MHD power generators

Koester, J. K.; Perkins, Robert L.

doi:10.1007/bf02833977

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The high temperature intrinsic to MHD generators is known to cause significant erosion at the anodes due to chemically-reacting gaseous corrosive environments. Cathode shorts may subsequently result from this and these in turn can also lead to abnormally high current densities on some electrodes and decreased power output [18][19][20]. These phenomena have motivated researchers to study chemically-reactive magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer in MHD generators in the vicinity of solid surfaces and boundaries (anodes/cathodes) where the effects are substantially greater than in the core duct flow.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Computation of Transient Radiative Reactive Thermosolutal Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in Inclined MHD Hall Generator Flow With Dissipation and Cross Diffusion

Bég

Sheri

Modugula

et al. 2019

Comput Thermal Scien

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confidence: 99%

“…18) throughout the boundary layer. Concentration gradients, via coupling between the energy eqn (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation of Transient Radiative Reactive Thermosolutal Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in Inclined MHD Hall Generator Flow With Dissipation and Cross Diffusion

Bég

Sheri

Modugula

et al. 2019

Comput Thermal Scien

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“…Similarly, these slag elements also remained non-depleted which indicates formation of microscale galvanic cells in the corrosion product layer. This highlights the slag-phases’ role in maintaining the cathodic passivity that provides corrosion protection to the underlying steel 56 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

Dwivedi

Mata

Salvemini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called ‘Agaria’. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh). Iron artefacts are investigated using a range of correlative microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction and tomographic techniques to postulate the hidden mechanisms of superlative corrosion resistance. The importance of manufacturing steps, ingredients involved in Agaria’s iron making process, and post-metal treatment using metal-working operation called hot hammering (forging) is highlighted. This study also hypothesizes the probable protective mechanisms of corrosion resistance of iron. Findings are expected to have a broad impact across multiple disciplines such as archaeology, metallurgy and materials science.

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“…However, in Ref. 24 they report an arc size of 1 to 2 A at a nominal current density of 0.7 A/cm 2 . This is shown as a shaded oval on Fig.…”

Section: Stanford Universitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Electric arc behavior in a boundary layer

Rosa

Farrar

Trudnowski

1988

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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The objective of this work is to understand how the size of an arc on the electrode of an magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator or accelerator depends on operating parameters such as boundary-layer shape and current density. Arc size has an important bearing on device lifetime and performance. A boundary layer in an MHD device is a region of exceedingly steep gradients including, in particular, the gradient of electrical conductivity. A theory relating arc size to the characteristics of these gradients is developed and compared with behavior observed in various MHD devices, most recently that in the Component Development and Integration Facility in Butte, Montana. Nomenclature A = sublayer thickness B = magnetic flux density, (T) Cf = friction coefficient C p = specific heat at constant P D -arc-column diameter E -electric field strength F c = contraction factor h = arc enthalpy-ambient enthalpy / = arc current j = current density A/cm 2 k = Boltzmann's constant k s -effective roughness height t = mixing length m = molecular weight n e = electron number density P = pressure Pr -Prandtl number R = universal gas constant Re x -Reynolds number R k = roughness Reynolds number r 0 = arc-column radius T = temperature u = velocity V = voltage, (V) y = distance from electrode wall y 0 -a distance related to roughness a = recombination coefficient /3 = Hall parameter d = velocity thickness c = ionization energy, turbulent diffusivity K = thermal conductivity /* = viscosity p = gas density, p a , in arc colomn a = electrical conductivity T = shear stress, recombination time Subscripts a = arc column = core flow or arc-column region = edge of arc column = region of uniform current flow = spreading region = top of arc column = wall = x component = y component

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Discharge and corrosion characteristics of slagging metal electrodes for MHD power generators

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Computation of Transient Radiative Reactive Thermosolutal Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in Inclined MHD Hall Generator Flow With Dissipation and Cross Diffusion

Computation of Transient Radiative Reactive Thermosolutal Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in Inclined MHD Hall Generator Flow With Dissipation and Cross Diffusion

Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

Electric arc behavior in a boundary layer

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