Discarded Cathode Ray Tube Glass as an Alternative for Aggregate in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Paszek, Natalia; Górski, Marcin; Kubica, Jan

doi:10.3390/su13020479

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…The toxicity characteristics of the CRT has led to a ban of its disposal in landfils such as the U.S, Japan, EU states and many other developed nations. E-waste also comprises plastics and other components, which contain flame retarding substaces in the form of polybrominated diethyl ethers (PBDE) [38,42,43]. The PBDE have no chemical bond with the plastics; therefore, they can easily escape into the environment from the surfaces [44,45].…”

Section: Contaminants In E-waste Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Omondi¹

2022

IJESNR

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The production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that include computers, mobile phones, modems, printers, refrigerators, and air conditioning units has been growing rapidly stimulated by technological advances, increased product affordability, and short product lifespans. However, this growth has not been matched by recognition of the dangers to health and the environment from disposal of the waste EEE (e-waste) especially in developing countries. Globally, the annual generation of e-waste is in the range 20 -50 million metric tons, which, following the current trend can increase to over 120 million metric tons by year 2050. This paper reviews the nature, complexity and health and environmental impacts of the e-waste, its global scale, and the alternative technologies for its management. However, the focus is on developing countries, which import disproportionately large quantities of used and obsolete EEE for reuse and recycling but lack effective legislation, skills and infrastructure for management of the waste. As a result, e-waste handlers and recyclers use crude methods for recycling oblivious of the inherent dangers of heavy metals and organic substances in the waste. While the exporting of EEE to developing countries for reuse extends their useful life, informal recycling and final disposal through open dumping, burning and burial poses danger to human health and the environment. Electronic products contain many materials requiring special end-of-life handling; mainly, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and plastics that are capable of releasing, dioxins and furans among other compounds. Consequently, successful management of the e-waste in the developing countries will require institution of guiding framework for end of life management such as the extended producer responsibility, and product take back. Ultimately, the key to successful e-waste management is the development of formal recycling facilities. Centralized collection points where economies of scale will attract investment for facilities for dismantling and disassembling of component for recycling and for disposal of toxic components are recommended.

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Section: Contaminants In E-waste Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Omondi¹

2022

IJESNR

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“…However, there are only a few CRT recycling facilities in Europe and the world [42,50]. In addition to the foam glass, CRT glass can be applied to produce a variety of building materials, such as glass-ceramic brick, geopolymer, and concrete [24,41,42,46,48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste-to-Reuse Foam Glasses Produced from Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass, Cathode Ray Tube Glass, and Aluminium Dross

Sassi

Simon

2021

Inorganics

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Aluminium dross is a hazardous industrial waste generated during aluminium production. It contains metallic oxides of aluminium and magnesium, other phases (aluminum nitride), and residues of fluxes and salts from the melting process of aluminium. Discarding this by-product is considered an environmental and economic challenge due to the high reactivity of dross with water or even air humidity. After removing the hazardous components from the as-received dross, one of the optional approaches is to incorporate the treated dross into construction materials. Dross is applied in several types of research as a secondary raw material source for alumina, clinker, cement or glass-ceramic production, but only a few papers focus on the usage of dross as a foaming agent for foams. Even fewer research are reported where dross was applied as a basic component of foam glasses. In this work, foam glasses were produced completely from waste materials: Aluminium dross, container (SLS) glass, and cathode ray tube (CRT) glass. The research holds several specificities, i.e., combining two industrial waste materials (CRT glass and dross), and adding an increased amount from the wastes. The physical and mechanical characteristics were examined with a special focus on the effect of the foam glass components on the microstructure, density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength.

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Geopolymerization of non-metallic fractions of electronic waste: A sustainable disposal strategy?

Danish,

Torres

2024

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

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Discarded Cathode Ray Tube Glass as an Alternative for Aggregate in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Waste-to-Reuse Foam Glasses Produced from Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass, Cathode Ray Tube Glass, and Aluminium Dross

Geopolymerization of non-metallic fractions of electronic waste: A sustainable disposal strategy?

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