Disaster Relief Operations In Andhra Pradesh, Southern India, Following The Cyclone In November 1977

The Study of Natural Disasters, 1977–97: Some Reflections on a Changing Field of Knowledge

“…Alternative views of vulnerability can be found in the literature. For instance, Blaikie et al (1994: 23) offered a model of the socio-economic and political underpinnings of vulnerability to disaster, and a similar analysis was provided by Winchester (1992). Many good field studies of vulnerability to natural hazards have been published, among them those by Haque and Blair (1992) and Snarr and Brown (1994).…”

“…At both the world and the regional levels, power structures, organisations, military threats and economic systems have so greatly altered that emergencies in the mid-1990s have a very different character to those of the 1970s. In the former the predominant concerns included logistics (e.g., Symons and Perry, 1979;Winchester, 1979), shelter (e.g., Davis, 1977;Howard and Mister, 1979) and the failures of the international relief system (e.g., Aall, 1979;Dirks, 1979); in the latter these aspects are complemented by the study of market economics (Parr, 1994;Hay, 1996), complex emergencies (Pettiford, 1995;Duffield, 1996) and food security (Kloos and Lindtjorn, 1994;Shoham, 1996). Moreover, like genetics and space research, disasters constitute one of those fields of human endeavour that has gained progressively in popularity and extent in recent years.…”

Housing Continuum: Key Determinants Linking Post-Disaster Reconstruction to Resilience in the Long Term

“…In the 1960s following World War II, the idea of supporting people after disaster entered the public discourse for the first time. This was evident in the early documented efforts that received external funding as shown by the 1970s avalanche and earthquake in Yungay, Peru (Oliver-Smith, 1979), the 1970 earthquake in Turkey (Ganapati & Ganapati, 2009), the 1976 earthquake in Guatemala and Mexico (Davis, 1978) and the 1977 cyclone in Andhra Pradesh, India (Winchester, 1979). These scholars and a few others (Chambers, 1983;Cuny, 1978;Davis, 1978;Turner, 1976) at the time emphasised the importance of participatory processes as much as the housing product and drew linkages between disaster and development.…”